Academic International Press

Russia & Eurasia Facts & Figures Annual (REFFA)

Volume 21 (the Year 1995)

Edited by Theodore Karasik

REFFA/UFFA Contents Volume 1 UFFA (1977) Volume 2 UFFA (1978) Volume 3 UFFA (1979) Volume 4 UFFA (1980) Volume 5 UFFA (1981) Volume 6 UFFA (1982) Volume 7 UFFA (1983) Volume 8 UFFA (1984) Volume 9 UFFA (1985) Volume 10 UFFA (1986) Volume 11 UFFA (1987) Volume 12 UFFA (1988) Volume 13 UFFA (1989) Volume 14 UFFA (1990) Volume 15 UFFA (1991) Volume 17 UFFA (1992) Volume 18 REFFA (1993) Volume 19 REFFA (1994) Volume 20 REFFA (1995) Volume 21 REFFA (1996)   Back to Russia & Eurasia Facts & Figures Annual (REFFA). Back to Russia / Soviet Union / Eurasia. Back to AIP Home Page.

CONTENTS ABBREVIATED TERMS xiii ABBREVIATED SOURCES xv PREFACE xviii I COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES Basic Information 1 Map 5 Commonwealth of Independent States 5 Basic Indicators 6 CIS Economic Statistics by Member State, Oct 1997 6 The Newly Independent States as Components of the Soviet Union, 19881990 8 Chronology, 1997 8 Health and Welfare 11 Aviation Crashes and Fatalities in the USSR and FSU, 19861997 11 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 12 End-Year Official Exchange Rates, 30 Dec 1997 12 New Currencies in the FSU, 19921996 12 Agricultural Share of GDP, 19911995 13 Energy and Environment 15 Nuclear Power in the Post-Soviet States, 19901996 15 Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Russia and Ukraine, 19921994 16 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 16 CIS Foreign Trade, Jan-Nov 1997 16 CIS Visible Imports and Exports in Jan-Nov 1996 and 1997 17 Jan-Nov 1997 Visible Trade Shares 18 International Aid to the Former Soviet Republics, 19911996 19 II RUSSIA Basic Information 20 Map 37 The Russian Federation 37 Basic Indicators 38 Russian Population and Labor, 19911996 38 Russian Index of Socio-Economic Indicators, 19911996 39 The Ethnic Composition of Russia, 1994 40 Chronology, 1997 46 State and Politics 82 Russian State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 82 Major Russian Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 83 Organization of the Russian Federation Government, Jan 1998 84 Military, Security, and Crime 88 Russian Military, 1997 88 Russian Defense Budget, 1998 89 Russian Crime, 19911996 91 Health and Welfare 91 Russian Federation Health Indicators 91 Russian Health, 19911996 92 Real Living Standards in Russia, 1997 92 Russian Living Standards, 1997 94 Russian Unemployment and Strikes, 19961997 106 Russian Per Capita Consumption of Selected Foods, 19921995 106 Russian Consumer Durables Held by Households, 19921995 107 Russian Education, 19911996 107 Russian Monetary Incomes and Expenditures of the Population, 19911996 107 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 108 Russian Economic Production, 1997 108 Russian Economic Indicators, 19911996 109 Russian Gross Domestic Product, 19931996 109 Russian Labor Force by Sector, 19941995 110 Russian Industrial Output, 1997 110 Russian Industry, 19911996 118 Russian Industrial Production Growth by Sector, 19931996 118 Russian Capital Construction, 19911996 118 Russian Trade and Services, 19911996 118 Russian Investment, 1997 119 Private Enterprise in Russia, Oct 1997 121 Russian Money Supply, Credit, and Savings, 1997 124 Russian Price Changes by Sector, 1997 128 Consumer Goods Prices by Product, 1997 129 Russian Regional Producer Price Index, Dec 1996 131 Russian Transportation Volume, 1997 133 Russian Transport, 19911996 135 Russian Transportation Indicators, 19931996 135 Russian Agricultural Production, 1997 135 Russian Agriculture, 19911996 138 Russian Agricultural Production by Commodity, 19931996 138 Energy and Environment 139 Russian Fuel Reserves, 1997 139 Russian Energy Production, 19941996 139 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 139 Russian Foreign Trade, Jan-Nov 1997 139 Russian International Financial Statistics, 19961997 140 Russian Foreign Trade, 19911996 143 Russian Foreign Trade, 19941996 143 International Aid to Russia, 19901996 144 US Aid to Russia, 19901996 144 Regional Statistics 145 Russian Regional Socio-Economic Statistics, 19961997 145 Industrial Production, 1997 163 Private Enterprise in the Regions, Sep 1997 179 III ARMENIA Basic Information 182 Chronology, 1997 189 State and Politics 197 Armenian State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 197 Major Armenian Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 198 Military, Security, and Crime 199 Armenian Military, 1997 199 Armenian Crime, 1997 199 Health and Welfare 200 Armenian Health Indicators 200 Armenian Labor Force by Sector, 1996 201 Armenian Food Consumption, 1990, 19921994 201 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 201 Armenian Gross Domestic Product, 19931996 201 Armenian Industrial Production by Sector, 19931996 201 Armenian Agricultural Production, 19931996 202 Armenian Transportation, 19931996 202 Energy and Environment 202 Armenian Energy Production, 19921994, 1996 202 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 202 Armenian International Financial Statistics, 19961997 202 Armenian Foreign Trade, 19941996 205 IV AZERBAIJAN Basic Information 205 Chronology, 1997 211 State and Politics 217 Azeri State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 217 Major Azeri Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 218 Military, Security, and Crime 218 Azeri Military, 1997 218 Health and Welfare 219 Azerbaijan Health Indicators 219 Azeri Labor Force by Sector, 1996 219 Azeri Per Capita Consumption of Selected Foods, 19921995 220 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 220 Azeri National Income Produced, 19931996 220 Azeri Industrial Production by Selected Product, 19931996 220 Azeri Agricultural Production by Selected Commodity, 19931996 220 Azeri Transportation Indicators, 19931996 221 Energy and Environment 221 Azeri Energy Production, 1991, 19951996 221 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 221 Azeri International Financial Statistics, 19961997 221 Azeri Foreign Trade, 19941996 222 V BELARUS Basic Information 223 Basic Indicators 226 The Demographic Situation in Belarus 226 Belarusian Population and Labor, 19911996 228 Belarusian Index of Socio-Economic Indicators, 19911996 229 Chronology, 1997 230 State and Politics 238 Belarusian State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 238 Major Belarusian Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 239 Military, Security, and Crime 239 Belarus Military, 1997 239 Belarusian Crime, 19911996 239 Health and Welfare 240 Belarus Health Indicators 240 Belarusian Health, 19911996 241 Belarusian Per Capita Food Con- sumption, 19921995 241 Belarusian Education, 19911996 241 Belarusian Monetary Incomes and Expenditures of the Population, 19911996 242 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 243 The Belarusian Economy in 1997 243 Belarusian Economic Indicators, 19911996 244 Belarusian Gross Domestic Product, 19931996 244 Belarusian Labor Force by Sector, 1996 244 Belarusian Industry, 19911996 245 Belarusian Industrial Production Growth by Sector, 19931996 245 Belarusian Trade and Services, 19911996 245 Belarusian Transport, 19911996 246 Belarusian Transportation Indicators, 19921995 246 Belarusian Capital Construction, 19911996 246 Belarusian Agriculture, 19911996 246 Belarusian Agricultural Production by Commodity, 19931996 247 Energy and Environment 247 Belarusian Energy Production, 19931996 247 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 247 Belarusian International Financial Statistics, 19961997 247 Belarusian Foreign Trade, 19911996 249 Belarusian Foreign Trade, 19941996 249 VI ESTONIA Basic Information 250 Chronology, 1997 253 State and Politics 259 Estonian State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 259 Major Estonian Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 260 Military, Security, and Crime 260 Estonian Military, 1997 260 Health and Welfare 261 Estonia Health Indicators 261 Estonian Income and Consumption, 1996 262 Estonian Labor Force by Sector, 1994 262 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 263 Estonian Gross Domestic Product, 19931996 263 Estonian Transportation, 1990, 19951996 263 Estonian Agricultural Production, by Commodity, 19901993 264 Energy and Environment 264 Estonian Energy Production and Use, 1990, 19951996 264 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 265 Estonian International Financial Statistics, 19961997 265 Estonian Foreign Trade, 19941996 267 VII GEORGIA Basic Information 268 Basic Indicators 273 Georgian Population and Labor, 19911996 273 Georgian Index of Socio-Economic Indicators, 19911996 273 Chronology, 1997 274 State and Politics 280 Georgian State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 280 Major Georgian Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 280 Military, Security, and Crime 281 Georgian Military, 1997 281 Georgian Crime, 19911996 281 Health and Welfare 282 Georgia Health Indicators 282 Georgian Health, 19911996 282 Georgian Per Capita Food Con- sumption, 19901991, 1995 283 Georgian Education, 19911996 283 Georgian Monetary Incomes and Expenditures of the Population, 19911996 283 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 284 The Georgian Economy in 1997 284 Georgian Economic Indicators, 19911996 285 Georgian Gross Domestic Product, 19931996 285 Georgian Industry, 19911996 286 Georgian Industrial Production by Sector, 19931996 286 Georgian Trade and Services, 19911996 286 Georgian Transport, 19911996 286 Georgian Transportation Indicators, 19941996 287 Georgian Capital Construction, 19911996 287 Georgian Agriculture, 19911996 287 Georgian Agricultural Production, by Commodity, 19931996 287 Energy and Environment 288 Georgian Energy Production, 19941996 288 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 288 Georgian Foreign Trade, 19911996 288 Georgian Foreign Trade, 19941996 288 VIII KAZAKSTAN Basic Information 289 Basic Indicators 295 Kazak Population and Labor, 19911996 295 Kazak Index of Socio-Economic Indicators, 19911996 296 Chronology, 1997 296 State and Politics 302 Kazak State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 302 Major Kazak Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 303 Military, Security, and Crime 304 Kazak Military, 1997 304 Kazak Crime, 19911996 304 Health and Welfare 305 Kazakstan Health Indicators 305 Kazak Health 306 Kazak Per Capita Food Con- sumption, 1990, 1993, 1995 306 Kazak Education, 19911996 306 Kazak Monetary Incomes and Expenditures of the Population, 19911996 306 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 307 Kazak Economic Indicators, 19911996 307 Kazak Gross Domestic Product, 19931996 308 Kazak Labor Force by Sector, 19951996 308 Kazak Industry, 19911996 308 Kazak Industrial Production by Product, 19931996 309 Kazak Trade and Services, 19911996 309 Kazak Transport, 19911996 309 Kazak Transportation Indicators, 19921996 309 Kazak Capital Construction, 19911996 309 Kazak Agriculture, 19911996 310 Kazak Agricultural Production by Commodity, 19931996 310 Kazak Agricultural Privatization, 1991, 1997 311 Energy and Environment 312 Kazak Energy Production, 19931996 312 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 312 Kazak International Financial Statistics, 19961997 312 Kazak Foreign Trade, 19911996 314 Kazak Foreign Trade, 19941996 314 IX KYRGYZSTAN Basic Information 315 Basic Indicators 318 Kyrgyz Population and Labor, 19911996 318 Kyrgyz Index of Socio-Economic Indicators, 19911996 319 Chronology, 1997 320 State and Politics 324 Kyrgyz State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 324 Major Kyrgyz Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 324 Military, Security, and Crime 325 Kyrgyz Military, 1997 325 Kyrgyz Crime, 19911996 325 Health and Welfare 326 Kyrgyzstan Health Indicators 326 Kyrgyz Health, 19911996 327 Kyrgyz Per Capita Food Consumption, 19921995 327 Kyrgyz Education, 19911996 327 Kyrgyz Monetary Incomes and Expenditures of the Population, 19911996 327 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 328 Kyrgyz Index of Economic Indicators, 19911996 328 Kyrgyz Gross Domestic Product, 19931996 329 Kyrgyz Labor Force by Sector, 1996 329 Kyrgyz Industry, 19911996 329 Kyrgyz Industrial Production by Product, 19931996 329 Kyrgyz Trade and Services, 19911996 330 Kyrgyz Transport, 19911996 330 Kyrgyz Transportation Indicators, 19931996 330 Kyrgyz Capital Construction, 19911996 330 Kyrgyz Agriculture, 19911996 331 Kyrgyz Agricultural Production by Commodity, 19931996 331 Energy and Environment 331 Kyrgyz Energy Production, 19931996 331 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 331 Kyrgyz Foreign Trade, 19911996 331 Kyrgyz Foreign Trade, 19941996 332 X LATVIA Basic Information 332 Basic Indicators 336 Latvian Population, 19931997 336 Natural Increase in Population, 19931997 337 Latvian Socio-Economic Situation, Sep 1997 337 Chronology, 1997 338 State and Politics 345 Latvian State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 345 Major Latvian Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 345 The Latvian Parliament Elected in 1995 346 Military, Security, and Crime 348 Latvian Military, 1997 348 Health and Welfare 348 Latvia Health Indicators 348 Average Monthly Wages and Salaries in the Public Sector, 1996 349 Latvian Real Wages, 19901996 350 Latvian Consumer Durables, 1996 350 Latvian Education, 19951996 350 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 351 Gross Domestic Product, 19951997 351 Gross Domestic Product, 19961997 351 Gross Domestic Product, 19951997 351 Gross Domestic product, 19961997 351 Latvian Consumer Price Index, 1996 352 Latvian Industrial Production, 19931997 352 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 352 Latvian International Financial Statistics, 19961997 352 Latvian Foreign Investment, 19951997 355 Latvian Foreign Trade, 19961997 355 XI LITHUANIA Basic Information 356 Basic Indicators 359 Lithuanian Socio-Economic Statistics, 1997 359 Chronology, 1997 363 State and Politics 369 Lithuanian State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 369 Major Lithuanian Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 369 Lithuanian Presidential Election First Round Results, Dec 1997 370 Lithuanian Presidential Election Second Round Results, Jan 1998 370 Military, Security, and Crime 371 Lithuanian Military, 1997 371 Health and Welfare 371 Lithuanian Health Indicators 371 Real Incomes in Lithuania, 1994 372 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 372 Lithuanian Gross Domestic Product, 19941996 372 Lithuanian Industrial Production by Sector, 19941996 373 Lithuanian Labor Force by Sector, 1996 373 Lithuanian Agricultural and Livestock Production, 19941996 373 Energy and Environment 373 Lithuanian Electricity Output, 19941996 373 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 374 Lithuanian International Financial Statistics, 19961997 374 Lithuanian Foreign Trade, 19941996 376 XII MOLDOVA Basic Information 376 Basic Indicators 381 Moldovan Population and Labor, 19911996 381 Moldovan Index of Socio-Economic Indicators, 19911996 381 Chronology, 1997 382 State and Politics 393 Moldovan State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 393 Major Moldovan Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 393 Forthcoming Moldovan Parlia- mentary Elections, Mar 1998 394 Military, Security, and Crime 396 Moldovan Military, 1997 396 Moldovan Crime, 19911996 396 Health and Welfare 397 Republic of Moldova Health Indicators 397 Moldovan Health, 19911996 398 Moldovan Monetary Incomes and Expenditures of the Population, 19911996 398 Moldovan Per Capita Food Con- sumption, 19921995 399 Moldovan Education, 19911996 399 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 399 Moldovan Economic Indicators, 19911996 399 Moldovan Gross Domestic Product, 19931996 400 Moldovan Labor Force by Sector, 19921994, 1996 400 Moldovan 1997 Finances 400 Moldovan 1997 Privatization Results 401 Moldovan Industry, 19911996 403 Moldovan Industrial Production by Sector, 19931996 403 Moldovan Trade and Services, 19911996 404 Moldovan Transport, 19911996 404 Moldovan Transportation Indicators, 19921995 404 Moldovan Capital Construction, 19911996 404 Moldovan Agriculture, 19911996 405 Moldovan Agricultural Production by Commodity, 19931996 405 Energy and Environment 405 Moldovan Energy Production, 19941996 405 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 405 Moldovan International Financial Statistics, 19961997 405 Moldovan Foreign Trade, 19911996 408 Moldovan Foreign Trade, 19931996 408 XIII TAJIKISTAN Basic Information 409 Basic Indicators 414 Tajik Population and Labor, 19911996 414 Tajik Index of Socio-Economic Indicators, 19911996 414 Chronology, 1997 415 State and Politics 421 Tajik State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 421 Major Tajik Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 422 Military, Security, and Crime 423 Tajik Military, 1997 423 Tajik Crime, 19911996 423 Health and Welfare 424 Tajikistan Health Indicators 424 Tajik Health, 19911996 425 Tajik Monetary Incomes and Expenditures of the Population, 19911996 425 Tajik Per Capita Consumption of Selected Foods, 1990, 19921993, 1995 425 Tajik Education, 19911996 426 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 426 Tajik Economic Indicators, 19911996 426 Tajik Gross Domestic Product, 19931996 426 Tajik Industry, 19911996 427 Tajik Industrial Production by Product, 19921995 427 Tajik Trade and Services, 19911996 427 Tajik Transport, 19911996 427 Tajik Transportation Indicators, 19931996 428 Tajik Capital Construction, 19911996 428 Tajik Agriculture, 19911996 428 Tajik Agricultural Production by Commodity, 19931996 428 Energy and Environment 429 Tajik Energy Production, 19931996 429 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 429 Tajik Foreign Trade, 19911996 429 Tajik Foreign Trade, 19941996 429 XIV TURKMENISTAN Basic Information 430 Basic Indicators 435 Turkmen Population by Region, Size, and Gender 435 Turkmen Population and Labor, 19911996 436 Turkmen Population by Age and Gender, 1995 436 Turkmen Population by Ethnic Group 437 Turkmen Index of Socio-Economic Indicators, 19911996 437 Chronology, 1997 438 State and Politics 441 Turkmen State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 441 Major Turkmen Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 443 Military, Security, and Crime 443 Turkmen Military, 1997 443 Turkmen Crime, 19911996 443 Health and Welfare 443 Turkmenistan Health Indicators 443 Turkmen Health, 19911996 445 Turkmen Per Capita Consumption of Selected Foods, 19921995 445 Turkmen Education, 19911996 445 Turkmen Monetary Incomes and Expenditures of the Population, 19911996 446 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 446 The Turkmen Economy in 1997 446 Turkmen Economic Indicators, 19911996 448 Turkmen Gross Domestic Product, 19931996 449 Turkmen Industry, 19911996 449 Turkmen Industrial Production by Product, 19931996 449 Turkmen Labor Force by Sector, 1996 450 Turkmen Trade and Services, 19911996 450 Turkmen Transport, 19911996 450 Turkmen Transportation Indicators, 19931996 450 Turkmen Capital Construction, 19911996 450 Turkmen Agriculture, 19911996 451 Turkmen Agricultural Production by Commodity, 19931996 451 Energy and Environment 451 Turkmen Energy Production, 19931996 451 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 452 Turkmen Foreign Trade, 19911996 452 Turkmen Foreign Trade, 19941996 452 XV UKRAINE Basic Information 452 Basic Indicators 458 Ukrainian Population and Labor Force, 19911996 458 Ukrainian Index of Socio-Economic Indicators, 19911996 458 Chronology, 1997 459 State and Politics 471 Ukrainian State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 471 Major Ukrainian Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 472 Military, Security, and Crime 473 Ukrainian Military, 1997 473 Ukrainian Crime, 19911996 473 Health and Welfare 474 Ukraine Health Indicators 474 Ukrainian Health, 19911996 475 Ukrainian Per Capita Food Con- sumption, 19911995 475 Ukrainian Education, 19911996 475 Ukrainian Monetary Incomes and Expenditures of the Population, 19911996 476 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 477 Ukrainian Economic Indicators, 19911996 477 Ukrainian Gross Domestic Product, 19931996 477 Ukrainian Labor Force by Sector, 1996 477 Ukrainian Industry, 19911996 477 Ukrainian Industrial Production Growth by Sector, 19931996 478 Ukrainian Trade and Services, 19911996 478 Ukrainian Transport, 19911996 478 Ukrainian Transportation, 19931996 478 Ukrainian Capital Construction, 19911996 478 Ukrainian Agriculture, 19911996 479 Ukrainian Agricultural Production by Selected Commodity, 19931996 479 Energy and Environment 480 Ukrainian Energy Production, 19941996 480 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 480 Ukrainian International Financial Statistics, 19961997 480 Ukrainian Foreign Trade, 19911996 482 Ukrainian Foreign Trade, 19941996 483 XVI UZBEKISTAN 483 Basic Information 483 Basic Indicators 487 Uzbek Population and Labor, 19911996 487 Uzbek Population by Ethnicity, 1995 488 Uzbek Index of Socio-Economic Indicators 488 Chronology, 1997 489 State and Politics 493 Uzbek State and Government Officials, Jan 1998 493 Major Uzbek Political Parties and Organizations, 1997 494 Military, Security, and Crime 494 Uzbek Military, 1997 494 Uzbek Crime, 19911996 495 Health and Welfare 495 Uzbekistan Health Indicators 495 Uzbek Health, 19911996 496 Uzbek Education, 19911996 496 Uzbek Per Capita Food Con- sumption, 1990, 19921993, 1995 497 Uzbek Monetary Incomes and Expenditures of the Population, 19911996 497 Economy, Industry, and Agriculture 498 Uzbek Economic Indicators, 19911996 498 Uzbek Gross Domestic Product, 19931996 498 Uzbek Labor Force by Sector, 1996 498 Uzbek Industry, 19911996 498 Uzbek Industrial Production by Sector, 19931996 499 State and Non-State Production, 19951996 499 Industry, Consumer Goods, and Trade by Region, 1996 499 Uzbek Trade and Services, 19911996 500 Uzbek Transport, 19911996 500 Uzbek Transportation Indicators, 19931996 500 Uzbek Capital Construction, 19911996 500 Uzbek Agriculture, 19911996 501 Uzbek Agricultural Production by Commodity, 19931996 501 Energy and Environment 502 Uzbek Energy Production, 19931996 502 Foreign Trade, Investment, and Aid 502 Uzbek Foreign Trade, 19911996 502 Uzbek Foreign Trade, 19941996 502

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