Academic International Press

CONSISTENCY LIST FOR

HISTORY OF RUSSIA FROM EARLIEST TIMES

By Sergei M. Soloviev

TERMS

Consistency Lists CHURCHES GEOGRAPHICAL INSTITUTIONS AND CHANCELLERIES PERSONAL NAMES (A-H) PERSONAL NAMES (I-P) PERSONAL NAMES (R-Z) RANKS TABLE OF RANKS TERMS WEIGHTS, NUMBERS, & MEASURES   Back to S.M. Soloviev, "History of Russia From Earliest Times" (Soloviev) Back to AIP Home Page.

Term, Volume, Time Period account - izvestie 06 1389-1462 acquisitions - primysly 06 1389-1462 act of confederation - konfederatsionnyi akt 15 1606-13 act of solidarity - odinachnaia zapis' 17 1634-45 Acts Collected in Libraries & Archives of the Russian Empire 15 1606-13 Acts of the Apostles 06 1389-1462 Acts Pertaining to the History of Western Russia 15 1606-13 "Admonitions to Schismatics" - booklet distributed by the Synod 48 1772-74 adventurer - bogatyr (also hero) 01 9-11c adventurers - molodtsy 04 13-14c Adyge people 48 1772-74 Adyge-Abkhaz (Abkhazo-Adyg) - Ibero-Caucasian language group 23 17c Aesop's Fables, Russian version of, 24 Afghans 34 1730s Agariane - sons of Hagar (not Hagarenes) 46 1768-70 Agei Shepelev Regiment 24 agreement - zgadets 06 1389-1462 Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of 38 1745-48 Akademicheskie Kommentarii - Transactions of the Academy 45 1766-68 Akh-uiu - Abkazian serfs 07 15c Akhashala - Abakahzian slaves 07 15c Akkerman Tatars 10 16c aksamit - patterned velvet 06 1389-1462 Alakoy 45 1766-68 alam - pectoral 06 1389-1462 Alans - tribe 01 9-11c Albanians 18 16-17c Albazin Cossacks - regional subgroup 23 17c Alexandrov & Co 29 18c alienation of affection - kosnyi razvod 18 16-17c allocation document - del'naia gramota 12 16c alms - milostynia 13 1584-98 almshouses 34 1730s Altay - region, language, ethnic group 23 17c Altyrs - Kirghiz subgroup 23 17c alum - kvastsy 21 17c ambassador - posol 08 15c ammonium chloride - nashatyr 21 17c amulet - uzel 06 1389-1462 amusements 24 amvon - tribune 45 1766-68 Anabaptism 24 anathema - bannit 18 16-17c anathema - prokliatie 18 16-17c Anauls - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c Andreevsk Kumyks - regional ethnic subgroup 23 17c Andreevskii orden' - Order of St. Andrew 46 1768-70 Andronov - term for common man 23 17c Androphagi - mythical tribe 01 9-11c Andrusovo, Treaty of 24 Anglo-Russian Commercial Treaty (1766) 48 1772-74 Ankhaiiu - largest group among the Abkhazian peasants 07 15c Anonymous Latin chronicles of Polish origin 14 1598-1606 Antes - tribe 01 9-11c antidor - antidoron 25 1680s antimina - portable traveling altar 23 17c antimins - antimension, burse (cloth case for corporal used in celebrating Eucharist) 06 1389-1462 Apocryphal works 06 1389-1462 apocryphal writings 09 16c apostol' - Books of the Apostles 18 16-17c apostolic see 14 1598-1606 appanage - udel 15 1606-13 apse - komara 06 1389-1462 Arab caliphate 01 9-11c Arabs 24 Arak - Bogatyr 45 1766-68 aravitiane - Arabs 06 1389-1462 Archeographical Commission 15 1606-13 archery equipment - saadak 13 1584-98 architect - arkhitektor 48 1772-74 ardash - poorest quality silk 23 17c arenda - liquor franchise 26 1690s argamak - Turkish or Polish horses 14 1598-1606 Arians - heretical Christian belief 11 16c Arimaspi - mythical tribe 01 9-11c Armed Neutrality 48 1772-74 Armenia and Azerbaidzhan 07 15c Armenians 08 15c Armiak - (cloth) tunic 45 1766-68 Army - the Army of the Ukraine, etc.; the Russian army 45 1766-68 Árpád dynasty 02 11-12c arrears - doimochnye den'gi 21 17c Arsk inhabitants - Arskie liudi 10 16c Arskie liudi - Arsk inhabitants 10 16c Arsky princes 08 15c artillery - artilleriia, nariad 15 1606-13 arts and crafts 29 18c Aryns - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c as hostages - v zaklad 13 1584-98 ashlar - butovyi kamen' 13 1584-98 Asian hordes 10 16c aspidnaia odnoriadka - motley cloth caftan 12 16c assignat - assignat 48 1772-74 Assumption, Feast of - Uspenie - use Dormition 24 Astrakhan government 48 1772-74 Astrakhan Tatars 10 16c astrology 09 16c at a fixed price - po ukaznoi tsene 13 1584-98 ataxia - sukhotka (disease) 06 1389-1462 atlasy - satins 45 1766-68 Atmos - division of Bastarnai 01 9-11c atrium - pritvory 18 16-17c Auchetae - Scythian tribe 01 9-11c aul - Caucasian village 07 15c authorization papers - gosudarstvennaia gramota 23 17c autonomy - samoupravlenie 13 1584-98 Avar(y) - Avars 45 1766-68 avarice - korystoliubie 06 1389-1462 aviz - writ, notice (from aviso) 23 17c avva - father, abbot 06 1389-1462 azbukovnik - primer 45 1766-68 Azerbaidzhan(is) 35 1730s Azov Cossacks (but, "he was a cossack from Azov") 07 15c Azov flotilla 48 1772-74 baggage train - oboz 20 17c bai-berek - cinnamon-colored cloth from bukhara 25 1680s baidaka - barge 12 16c bail - poruka 20 17c baisa (badge of authority in Mongol administration) 45 1766-68 Bakhtiartsy - Bakhtiarans 45 1766-68 banishment - potok 03 12-13c bankhaty zolotnye i serebrianye - brocades of gold and silver 45 1766-68 banks watch - beregovaia sluzhba 13 1584-98 banner - khorugv' 06 1389-1462 bannit - anathema 18 16-17c bannitsieia (Pol. banicja) - excommunication 18 16-17c Barabinsk Tatars - regional subgroup 23 17c barge - baidaka, nasad 12 16c Barkubalovsk Chronicle 15 1606-13 barmi (-y) - stole 06 1389-1462 barmy - a jewel-studded gold collar worn ceremonially by tsars 45 1766-68 barmy - mantle of pearls 08 15c barque - budara 21 17c barshchina - labor dues 07 15c bas-relief - prilep 06 1389-1462 Bashkirs 10 16c Basilian order of monasticism 15 1606-13 basma - stamp impression 45 1766-68 Bastarnai - tribe 01 9-11c Bastille prison 48 1772-74 bastion - grebenskii gorodok 21 17c bath house - kupalnia 13 1584-98 battering ram - taran 06 1389-1462 Bavarians 24 bdenie - vigil 18 16-17c beacon - koster 06 1389-1462 bear spear - rogticha 06 1389-1462 beaver fur 09 16c beaver trappers of Vladimir, charter 09 16c Bee, The, anthology of devotional works 06 1389-1462 beggars and paupers 29 18c beglyi - fugitive 45 1766-68 bekhterets - breastplate 17 1634-45 bel'mo - wall-eye 21 17c belaia zemlia - totally private land, allod 06 1389-1462 belfry - kolokol'nia 18 16-17c Belgorod Horde 34 1730s Belgrade, treaty of (1739) 48 1772-74 Belovezhtsy - steppe people 02 11-12c Belyi tsar' - white tsar, title of Russian tsar 46 1768-70 benjamin - ladon rosnyi 21 17c berdysh - an ancient weapon; a battle axe 45 1766-68 beregovaia sluzhba - banks watch 13 1584-98 bereitor - riding master 45 1766-68 Berendey - tribe 09 16c Berezov Ostiaks - regional subgroup 23 17c Berg-reglament - Mining Ordinance 45 1766-68 Berladniks 02 11-12c Bernardine monks 07 15c beschest'e - dishonor 45 1766-68 besy - evil spirits 45 1766-68 bez naspu - without interest 12 16c bez viny - without cause 06 1389-1462 bezadshchina - escheat, a tax 06 1389-1462 bezgolovnoe delo - criminal offense 21 17c bezlepitsy - hostilities 10 16c bezsudnaia gramota - judgment by default 12 16c biaz' - Asiatic, Persian or Bukharan cotton cloth 17 1634-45 Big Woollen Court - bol'shoi sukonnyi dvor - Moscow textile mill 48 1772-74 bilet - identity card 48 1772-74 bird calls - ptichii grai 06 1389-1462 bishop's cope - mantiia s istochnikami 21 17c bit'sia na kop'iakh - tilt, joust 45 1766-68 black clergy (monastic) 24 black collection - tribute in marten furs 06 1389-1462 black fever - chernyi nedug 21 17c "black" lands 15 1606-13 blacksmith - kuznetsky 16 1613-34 blagoslovennaia kunitsa - tithe 12 16c Blagoslovi Vladyka - "Bless me Lord" 45 1766-68 blockhouse - gorodka 38 1745-48 bliudo - platter 06 1389-1462 bliusti (verb) - care for, guard, regard, to observe laws 06 1389-1462 bludgeon - oslop 06 1389-1462 boards - loan documents 06 1389-1462 bobrovnik - beaver hunter 45 1766-68 bobrovyi gon - beaver lodge 24 Bodrichi (Odobriti) - Slav tribe 01 9-11c boevsk - border customs office 48 1772-74 bogatyr - folk hero, knight 24 Bogoiavlenie - Epiphany 06 1389-1462 Bogoliubovo Mother of God - Bogoliubskaia bogoroditsa - icon 48 1772-74 Bogoliubskaia bogoroditsa - Bogoliubovo Mother of God 48 1772-74 Bogomil - heresy 45 1766-68 Bogomils 08 15c bogoradnyi - pleasing to God 45 1766-68 bogorodichnyi khleb-virgin bread 11 16c boiarskie zemli - boyar land (on which the owner had full rights) 45 1766-68 Bol'shoi sukonnyi dvor - Big Woolen Court 48 1772-74 bol'shaia sokha, "big plow," - unit of land taxation 45 1766-68 Bol'shoi chertezh zemli russkoi -The Great Russian Atlas of the World 24 bol'shoi posad - main city, suburb, settlement 45 1766-68 Bolgary - Volga Bulgars 04 13-14c Bolshoy Theater 48 1772-74 bondsman - kholop, slave 15 1606-13 Book of Annals 15 1606-13 Book of Brief Selections on the Nine Muses and the Seven Arts 24 Book of Degrees 35 1730s Book of Hours - chasoslov 24 Book of Hours - chasovnik 12 16c book of texts for holy days - torzhestvennik 18 16-17c Book of the Great Atlas 24 Books of the Apostles - apostol' 18 16-17c Borovitsky gates 08 15c bortnyi ukhozhai - apiary 45 1766-68 Borts (borty) - pagan tribe 04 13-14c Bourbon dynasty 48 1772-74 boxing match - kulachnyi boi 13 1584-98 boyar - the boyar, Prince Andrei; Boyar Prince Andrei 45 1766-68 boyare szliachta - gentry (West Russia) 45 1766-68 boyars of Moscow principality - boiare 08 15c bozhestvennoe penie - early term for church service 06 1389-1462 Bozhnitsa - chapel 02 12c Brabantsy - duchy of Brabant, i.e., Flemish, Brabançons 45 1766-68 brachnoe blagoslovenie - sacrament of marriage 18 16-17c bratchina - feast 06 1389-1462 bratskaia bratina - communal wine bowl 21 17c brazhniki - revelers, carousers 45 1766-68 bream - leshch 21 17c breastworks (fortification) - pershi 06 1389-1462 Breslau, treaty of 38 1745-48 Brest, Diet of 09 16c Brest, Union of 15 1606-13 brewer 29 18c bride price - veno 01 9-11c bride show 09 16c bridge tolls - mostovshchina 13 1584-98 brigands and brigandage 29 18c bubonic plague 48 1772-74 buckwheat - grechevnaia krupa 21 17c buda - pitch hut 21 17c budara - barque 21 17c bugai - mantle (clothing) 06 1389-1462 bui - empty spaces around churches 07 15c Buintsy - Siberian nomadic people 11 16c buivol - bison 45 1766-68 Bukharans 24 bulava - mace (on insignia office of ukranian hetmen) 25 1680s bulava - mace, staff 45 1766-68 Bulgar 07 15c Bulgarians 24 Bulgars (Volga) 10 16c bumagi khlopchatye - raw cotton 17 1634-45 bunchuk - horsetail standard of Ukrainian hetmen 25 1680s Buriats - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c burnt clearing - gar' 06 1389-1462 burse - antimins 06 1389-1462 Burtasi (Mordva) - tribe 01 9-11c busurman - infidel 20 17c butovyi kamen' - ashlar 13 1584-98 by the keg - kufami 13 1584-98 byliny - epic poetry or tales 45 1766-68 bytown- prigorod 14 1598-1606 Byzantine empire 07 15c cabbage patch - ogorod 13 1584-98 cadastral survey, records, books - pistsovye knigi 15 1606-13 cadastre, cadaster - land survey used to determine tax rate 45 1766-68 cadets - younger sons 34 1730s cadi 09 16c camphor - kanfora 21 17c canon (list of saints) - ulozhen'e 17 1634-45 canon law (Roman) 09 16c cap - kaptura 21 17c Caps (Swedish political faction) - kolpaki 38 1745-48 Cardis, Treaty of. Use Kardis 24 cargo ship - nasad 21 17c cargo warehouse - nasadnyi dvor 21 17c Carinthians - Khorutane 01 9-11c carnelian - serdolichnyi 06 1389-1462 carp broth - karas' ushnyi 21 17c cash bond - chistaia poruka 12 16c cash dues - denezhnye dokhody 14 1598-1606 castle - zamok 13 1584-98 castration heresy - skoptsy 48 1772-74 catachuments - pripadaiushchie 11 16c cathedral - Dormition cathedral; cathedral of the Annunciation, etc. 45 cathedral square 25 1680s Catholic church - kostël 15 1606-13 Catholic church, (the) 45 1766-68 Catholics, Catholicism 15 1606-13 Caucasian family - linguistic group 23 17c causus foederis - sluchai soiuza 38 1745-48 cavalry - konnitsa 15 1606-13 census - reviziia 38 1745-48 census of the clergy 09 16c century, the fifteenth, etc 45 1766-68 ceremonial - chin 21 17c certificate of manumission - otpusknaia 15 1606-13 certification - doklad 12 16c Chahar-Kas - four Kas clans (Circassians) 45 1766-68 chalice - chasha 06 1389-1462 chalma - turban 18 16-17c chamois leather - kozha losinnaia 13 1584-98 chancery - a chancellors office; use chancellery 45 1766-68 chandlery - moskatel'nye tovary 17 1634-45 chapel - krestovaia 21 17c chara - goblet 06 1389-1462 charge - napusk 21 17c charter of ecclesiatical immunity - tarkhan, tarkhannaia gramota 15 1606-13 Charter of the Academy - Privilegii Akademii 25 1680s chase, the tsar's - lovchii put 14 1598-1606 chasha - chalice 06 1389-1462 chasoslov - Book of Hours 45 1766-68 chasovnik - Book of Hours 12 16c chasovnik - horologer 45 1766-68 chastnaia audientsiia - private audience 18 16-17c chastnye prava - rights of private persons 06 1389-1462 Chasy - Holy hours 25 1680s checkpoint - zastava 18 16-17c chekak (chekan) - mace 06 1389-1426 chekh - token 26 1690s cheliad - household slaves (collectively) 45 1766-68 chelo - ornamental headpiece 06 1389-1462 chelobitiia - a petition or form of petition 45 1766-68 chelobitnaia - petition 06 1389-1462 chelobitnik - petitioner 06 1389-1462 chelom udarit' - pay one's respects 14 1598-1606 Cheremiss 29 18c Cherkassians - Cherkasy (Ukrainians) 18 16-17c Cherkasskaia doroga - main route from Circassian lands to Russia 23 17c Cherkasy - Cherkassians (Ukrainians) 18 16-17c Cherkes(y) - Circassians 24 chern - the common people or menials 45 1766-68 chernye zemli - state, government lands 06 1389-1462 cherny bor - a form of tax 45 1766-68 chernye klobuki - Karakalpaks 03 12-13c chernye kolpaki - Karakalpaks 02 11-12c chernye zemli - black land (crown land in Muscovy) 45 1766-68 chernyi klobuk - Karakalpaks 02 12c chernyi nedug - black fever 21 17c chernyi peredel - redistribution of land 07 15c chertezh - draft, map 45 1766-68 chervivaia bolezn' - parasitical infection 21 17c chervonnye zolotye - ducats (Pol.) 26 1690s chestno - respectfully 06 1389-1462 chestno i grozno - in esteem and respect 45 1766-68 chestnoi - holy, sacred 06 1389-1462 Cheti Minei - Readings for the Month 35 1730s chetvertnaia pashnia - a quarter acreage, quarter plowland field 12 16c chetvertnye yamskie (den'gi) - quarter post tax 25 1680s cheval-de-frise - rogatki - barrier constructed of pickets 48 1772-74 chikhir - Persian grape drink 23 17c chin - ceremonial, ritual 21 17c chinsh - a tax on land in West Russia 45 1766-68 chistaia poruka - cash bond 12 16c choir (part of a church building) - kliros 06 1389-1462 chopbashi - type of obligation for land use in Armenia/Azerbaidzhan 07 15c Chrismologion 24 Christendom, Orthodox 14 1598-1606 Christian commonwealth 09 16c Christianity 24 Christmas - rozhdestvo Khristovo 18 16-17c Chronicle of Many Rebellions 15 1606-13 Chronicles and Narrative sources 15 1606-13 Chronograph 15 1606-13 Chronograph of 1617 - chronicle 14 1598-1606 Chronograph of the Third Redaction 14 1598-1606 Chrysostom commentaries 09 16c Chud - Estonian tribe 04 13-14c Chud-Tormy - people 03 12-13c Chudotvorets - miracle worker; Peter the Miracle Worker 45 1766-68 chudotvortsevyi mëd-miracle workers' mead 11 16c Chukchi - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c Chukhony - Finnic tribe around Novgorod 17 1634-45 chuma/chumka - ladle, dipper 06 1389-1462 chuprun - woman's caftan 06 1389-1462 Church - Russian Orthodox church 09 16c Church Council, the - a church council 25 1680s Church Fathers, the 25 1680s Church Slavonic 45 1766-68 church vestments - indit'ia 06 1389-1462 Chuvashi - Chuvash (tribe) sing. & pl 45 1766-68 chuzhoi - unallied (said of boyars), alien, foreign 06 1389-1462 Circassians -Cherkesy 24 circular - okruzhnaia gramota 17 1634-45 circumcision - obrezan'e 18 16-17c citadel - gorodnicha 17 1634-45 citadel - kreml' 04 13-14c citadel - krepost' 20 17c city taxes - zamytnaia poshlina 13 1584-98 club (weapon) - oslop 06 1389-1462 Code - the Code of 1649; the Law Code; Commercial Code of 1765 45 1766-68 Code of Precedence - mestnichestvo 14 1598-1606 codicil - dopolnitel'naia zapis', pribavka 15 1606-13 Collection of State Documents and Treaties 15 1606-13 Collection of the Imperial Russian Historical Society 15 1606-13 Collège de France 24 colonies - kolonii 48 1772-74 Colored Triode (tsvetnaia trioda) - book printed by I.A. Nevezhin 14 1598-1606 comb honey - mëd-syrets 21 17c command - zakaz 48 1772-74 commercial duties - torgovye poshliny 13 1584-98 commercial enterprise - promysel 06 1389-1462 Common Readings (Obshchaia Mineia) 15 1606-13 Commonwealth (Polish) - Rzeczpospolita 15 1606-13 communal property - obchina 04 13-14c communal wine bowl 21 17c communion loaves 25 1680s company - rota 20 17c Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles - Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei 15 1606-13 conciliar nobles (dumnye dvoriane) 15 1606-13 condottieri 24 Confederated Diet (Poland) 48 1772-74 Confederation of Bar - Polish union opposed to Russia 48 1772-74 confirmatory charter - utverzhdennaia gramota 16 1613-34 confirmed slavery document - doklad 12 16c confrontment - svod (vernadsky mrl) 01 9-11c conscription - russian army, recruitment for 48 1772-74 consilium - konsilium 38 1745-48 contraband - zapovednye tovary 13 1584-98 contract - riad 04 13-14c copper riots in Moscow 24 corruption - lakomstvo 23 17c corvées - zemskie povinnosti 13 1584-98 cossack military fraternity 24 cossack tsar - impostor (False Dmitry II) 24 cossackdom 14 1598-1606 cossacks - cossacks, Don Cossacks 07 15c cost(s) - izderzhka 06 1389-1462 Council of Constance 06 1389-1462 Council of Florence 07 15c Council of the Hundred Chapters 24 Council of Trent 11 16c Counter-Reformation - Tridentinskii Sobor 11 16c courier service - yama 15 1606-13 courier tax - progonnye den'gi 15 1606-13 court infantry - nadvornaia pekhota 25 1680s court of Saxony - court of 45 1766-68 Court of the Exchequer (England) 14 1598-1606 Court of Yaroslav; see Yaroslav 07 15c court village - dvortsovoe selo 14 1598-1606 craft guilds - tsekhi 48 1772-74 crafty - lukavyi 23 17c Creation of the World, The, book 06 1389-1462 creed, the - prayer 25 1680s Crimean Cossacks 10 16c Crimean Horde 45 1766-68 Crimean khan 34 1730s Crimean Tatars 24 Crimeans 10 16c criminal offense - bezgolovnoe delo 21 17c Croatians 06 1389-1462 Croats 24 crown service registers - razriady 13 1584-98 crucian (yellow fish like a carp) - karas' 21 17c cuirass - body armor reaching to waist with breast and back plate 45 1766-68 culverin - gakovnitsa 18 16-17c culverin - pushechka 13 1584-98 Cumans - see Polovetsians 01 9-11c cupola - kupol 18 16-17c customs house - tamozhnia (tamozhnaia) 48 1772-74 Customs Statute 24 Czechs 08 15c Czech Slavs 06 1389-1462 Dadiani - dynasty of Mingrelian (Georgian) rulers 23 17c dam - greblia 06 1389-1462 damask merchant - demenskii kupchina 12 16c damnation - prokliatie 06 1389-1462 dan' - tribute 13 1584-98 Danes 10 16c dani - taxes (contributors?) 24 Dannye (den'gi) -direct tax 25 1680s Danubian principalities 48 1772-74 dar - gift 45 1766-68 dar (dan') - direct taxes 06 1389-1462 Daurs - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c Davnost - prescriptive term for claims 45 1766-68 Day - St. Nicholas (etc) Day; Christmas Day, etc. 45 1766-68 decorative collar - ozherel'itse 13 1584-98 decree - dekret 18 16-17c decree - ukaz 38 1745-48 dedichi - those who claimed estates from their ancestors 07 15c deed - pravaia gramota 15 1606-13 deed of purchase - krepost' 21 17c deisus - icons 08 15c deisus - triptych depicting Savior, Mother of God and John the Baptist 06 1389-1462 dekret - decree 18 16-17c del'naia gramota - allocation document 12 16c den' uspeniia - Feast of the Dormition 38 1745-48 den'gi kazennye - treasury money, public funds 12 16c den'gi, dannye - direct taxes 24 den'gi, pishchal'nye - arquebus taxes 24 denezhnye dokhody - cash dues 14 1598-1606 denial of blessing - neblagoslovenie 06 1389-1462 derevnia - hamlet (sometimes village) 06 1389-1462 dern' - possession, something privately owned 06 1389-1462 derzhat' (verb) - to heed 06 1389-1462 description - izvestie 06 1389-1462 desert fathers, writings of 09 16c desiataia chast' - ten-percent tax 48 1772-74 desiatinnaia denga - tenth money, military levy of one tenth income on townsmen and merchants 25 1680s desiatiny, desiatinnaia pashnia -the tsar's tithe 17 1634-45 desiatnia (voiskovoi spisok) - military roll 24 designs - primysly 06 1389-1462 dest - quire (of paper) 24 destiatinnye soboli - tithing in sable pelts 45 1766-68 detinets - an inner fortress or kremlin, citadel 07 15c Deulino - treaty of 24 devastation - opustoshenie 06 1389-1462 diaklo - a tax in kind on peasants (West Russia) (Diaglo?) 45 1766-68 Diet of Grodno 09 16c Diet of Vilna (1507) - use Wilno 09 16c digamist - dvoezhenets 12 16c dikaia vira - wild bloodwite 01 9-11c diplomatic revolution, the 48 1772-74 dipper - chuma, chumka, kovsh 06 1389-1462 direct tax - dannye (den'gi) 25 1680s disarray - neustroistvo 06 1389-1462 disfavor, disgrace - opala 13 1584-98 distinguished - znatnyi 06 1389-1462 district - uezd 48 1772-74 dividing booty among cossacks - duvan 21 17c do dvukh zhivotov - grant of land for two "lives" 45 1766-68 do trekh zhivotov - grant of land for three "lives" 45 1766-68 do zhivota - grant of land for one "life" 45 1766-68 dobrovol'noe kholopstvo - voluntary bondage 15 1606-13 dobryi - upstanding, worthy 06 1389-1462 docking fee - posazhennoe 13 1584-98 dogma - verouchenie 18 16-17c doimka - arrears, deficiency, shortage 45 1766-68 doimochnye den'gi - arrears 21 17c doklad - certification 12 16c doklad - confirmed slavery document 12 16c doklad - revision 12 16c dokladnaia gramota - document from a lower official to a higher one for confirmation 45 1766-68 dokladnaia gramota - validation charter 12 16c dolnitsa - landed property; measure of land in a valley 45 1766-68 Domostroi - The Household Manager 24 domra - musical instrument similar to mandolin 23 17c Don Cossacks 24 donor (to monastery) - vkladchik 17 1634-45 dopolnitel'naia zapis' - codicil 15 1606-13 Dormition of the Mother of God, feast of - uspenie (August 15) 24 Dorofey - treaties of 08 15c dorogi - striped cloths 17 1634-45 dospekhi sploshnye - continuous armor; chain mail 45 1766-68 dostat' sebe zipuny - to earn a living 18 16-17c dovodchich - fees from churchmen who held civil positions 08 15c dowry contract - venovaia zapis' 15 1606-13 drannitsa - lath 21 17c Dregovichi - tribe 01 9-11c Dresden, Treaty of 38 1745-48 Drevliane - tribe 01 9-11c drevo sakharnoe - sugar wood 21 17c Druses 48 1772-74 duby - Zaporozhian boats 46 1768-70 Duchers - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c dukhovnitsa - storehouse for church paraphernalia 06 1389-1462 dukhovnyi - ecclesiastic(al) 45 1766-68 Dukhovnyi Reglament - Use EcclesiasticalStatute Book of Canon Law; Ecclesiastical Statute - Peter I 48 1772-74 dulo - muzzle 45 1766-68 dues - poshliny 13 1584-98 dungeon - temnitsa 13 1584-98 Dutch mercenaries 15 1606-13 duvan - dividing booty among cossacks 21 17c Dvina charter 09 16c dvoeperstie - joining of two fingers (in making sign of the cross) 45 1766-68 dvoeverie - double-faith 45 1766-68 dvoezhenets - digamist (not bigamist) 12 16c dvoiurodny vnuk - second cousin 12 16c dvor - court, office; as slonovy dvor = slonovy court; residence 45 1766-68 dvorets - palace; office of administration of palace land 45 1766-68 dvorianstvo - nobility. After Table of Ranks (1722) use gentry or service gentry 45 1766-68 dvorovoe mesto - dwelling 12 16c dwelling - dvorovoe mesto 12 16c dyarchy 24 Dzhambuluky Tatars 46 1768-70 earn a living - dostat' sebe zipuny 18 16-17c earthen rampart, earthen breastworks wall around Moscow - zemlianyi val 48 1772-74 East/east: east - direction; East - region, culture or people. Same for west/West 45 1766-68 Ecclesiastical Statute -Dukhovnyi reglament 48 1772-74 economic - ekonomicheskie 48 1772-74 Edichkul horde - Tatars in Crimea 48 1772-74 edict signed personally by emperor/empress - imennoi prikaz 37 1741-44 edinomyshlenniki - confederates, fellow believers 45 1766-68 Edisan horde - Crimean Tatars 48 1772-74 ekonomicheskie - economic 48 1772-74 ekonomii - economy 48 1772-74 ektenia - lengthy liturgical prayer, litany 08 15c elders - zhilye liudi 06 1389-1462 embankment - greblia 06 1389-1462 Emperor - Holy Roman emperor 09 16c Empire - Holy Roman empire; Russian empire 45 1766-68 enamel - finift' 06 1389-1462 encampment - oboz 20 17c encampment (Tatar) - ulus 13 1584-98 encyclical - okruzhnoe poslanie 06 1389-1462 Encyclopedists 48 1772-74 Engineers Castle 48 1772-74 England and Ireland, king of 09 16c English 10 16c English Court, in Moscow 24 entrance fee - podat' za vkhod 18 16-17c épaulière - official seal 45 1766-68 epileptic seizure - pripadka paduchei bolezni 13 1584-98 Epiphany - Bogoiavlenie 06 1389-1462 epitemia - public pennance 07 15c epitrakhili - priestly stoles 08 15c escort - pristav 15 1606-13 Estonians 34 1730s "Eternal memory" - vechnaia pamiat' (litany for deceased) 06 1389-1462 Eucharist 48 1772-74 evangeliia - gospel book 18 16-17c everez - type of obligation for land use in Armenia/Azerbaidzhan 07 15c excommunication - bannitsieia (Pol. banicja) 18 16-17c expenses - protori, protory 06 1389-1462 extended chant - narechnoe 21 17c extradition - perevod 06 1389-1462 extraordinary imposts 24 ez - fisheries 06 1389-1462 ezd - travel stipend 12 16c falconry 09 16c false accusation - poklep 06 1389-1462 false evidence - podmet 06 1389-1462 Fast of the Holy Apostles 48 1772-74 fastening (on clothes) - kaptorga 06 1389-1462 Father - God the Father 06 1389-1462 feast - bratchina 06 1389-1462 Feast of the Dormition 25 1680s felled timber line 35 1730s feriaz - loose tunic; ceremonial caftan 23 17c fermented mare's milk - kumis 04 13-14c ferry toll - perevoz 13 1584-98 fetters - okovy 20 17c fiery furnace 24 fifteenth money - piatnadtsataia denga. tax of 15th of income for military campaigns 25 1680s fifths - piatinnye den'gi 16 1613-34 fine - pen' 15 1606-13 finift' - enamel 06 1389-1462 Finnish tribes 07 15c Finno-Ugrians - ethnic and linguistic group 23 17c Finns 24 firearms - snariad ognestrel'nyi 13 1584-98 firman - charter (Turkish) 45 1766-68 first fruits - nachatok 21 17c First Partition of Poland 48 1772-74 First Pskov Chronicle 06 1389-1462 fisheries - ez 06 1389-1462 flatboat - nasad 06 1389-1462 Florentine Union 07 15c ford toll - perevoz 13 1584-98 forecourt - perednia 14 1598-1606 forecourt - podvore 25 1680s forest - les 48 1772-74 forest lop 08 15c Forgiveness Sunday, feast of 24 formal audience - torzhestvennaia audientsiia 18 16-17c fortification - ukreplenie 15 1606-13 fortified town - kromnyi gorod 06 1389-1462 Forum, Roman 48 1772-74 fosse - greblia 06 1389-1462 foundries - mel'nitsy zheleznye 13 1584-98 Fourth Novgorod Chronicle 15 1606-13 France, king of 09 16c Franciscan Order 07 15c Franki - Franks 24 Frankontsy - Franconians 24 frantsuzskaia vodka - French liqueurs 48 1772-74 free departure, right of 24 free years - urochnye leta 15 1606-13 freemasonry, freemasons 48 1772-74 French army 48 1772-74 French liqueurs - frantsuzskaia vodka 48 1772-74 French Revolution 48 1772-74 friagi - Italians, foreigners in general 06 1389-1462 friazhskii - foreign, imported 06 1389-1462 frivolous, fickle - vertoglavyi 23 17c Frolishchev hermitage - Frolishcheva pustyn' 48 1772-74 fugitive peasants, laws on 15 1606-13 funeral mass - obednia zaupokoinaia 13 1584-98 fur tribute - iasak 14 1598-1606 furs 08 15c gabions - tury 16 1613-34 gaidamak(i) - haidamaks 45 1766-68 gains - primysly 06 1389-1462 gakovnitsa - culverin 18 16-17c galanochki - toys 18 16-17c gall nuts - oreshki chernil'nye 17 1634-45 galley - katorga 13 1584-98 Gamberger - Hamburger (man from Hamburg) 45 1766-68 gar' - burnt clearing 06 1389-1462 garach - tribute 23 17c gate - the Vladimir gate, etc 45 1766-68 geenna - hell 18 16-17c gelding - merin 13 1584-98 Genoese 06 1389-1462 Gens 24 Gepids - people 46 1768-70 gerb - coat of arms 45 1766-68 Gerbovaia bumaga - heraldic paper, stamped paper 45 1766-68 German Law; see Magdeburg Law 07 15c Germans (meaning foreigners) 10 16c Getae - tribe 01 9-11c gil' - riot 21 17c gingerbread - kovrishka (kovrizhka) 21 17c Glukhov articles (1669) - glukhovskie stat'i 25 1680s Glukhovskie stat'i - Glukhov articles (1669) 25 1680s goblet - chara, kubok 06 1389-1462 godfather to one's child(ren) - kum 02 12c Golden Horde 14 1598-1606 Goliad - Lithuanian tribe 01 9-11c golodnye gody - hungry years 14 1598-1606 golova - head count 12 16c golova, zasechnyi - frontier officer 24 golova, zhitichnyi - granary officer 24 golovshchina - head tax 13 1584-98 golovshchina - murder and the fine for murder 12 16c golshtinskii - Holstein(er) 45 1766-68 gordodnya - wall. See Ogorodnya 45 1766-68 goreloe vino or gorelka - vodka 45 1766-68 gorilka, horilka - distilled spirits (Ukr,) 20 17c gornitsa - private apartments, upper story 12 16c gornostal'nye den'gi - ermine impost tax 12 16c gornozavodskii ustav - mining and metal works statute 35 1730s gornye zavody - mine and metal works 35 1730s gornyi ustav - Mining Statute 35 1730s gorod - city, town or district (context) 24 Gorodets Tatars 09 16c Gorodische - an old town site 07 15c gorodka - blockhouse 38 1745-48 Gorodlo (Horod¬o) convention 06 1389-1462 gorodit' - to fence or wall in 45 1766-68 gorodka - fort, blockhouse 16 1613-34 gorodnicha - citadel 17 1634-45 gorodok - a small fortified town 07 15c gorodovoe delo - town works 45 1766-68 gortsy - mountain people 16 1613-34 gospel book - evengaliia 18 16-17c gospozhin den' - feast of Dormition 12 16c gostinoe - a tax on foreign merchant storehouses 08 15c gostinyi dom - a merchant guest house 08 15c gostinyi dvor - commercial merchant's hall 24 gosudareva pashnia- lands plowed for the sovereign 45 1766-68 gosudarevo delo - "affairs of the sovereign," i.e. state affairs, crown business 45 1766-68 gosudarevye dvortsovye - court servitors. See also dvorovnye liudi 24 gosudarskii uboitsa i koromolnik - armed revolt against the sovereign 45 1766-68 gosudarstvennaia gramota - authorization papers 23 17c gosudarstvennaia pechat' - royal seal 15 1606-13 Goths 06 1389-1462 government lands - chernye zemli 06 1389-1462 gradskie zakony - municipal statutes 18 16-17c gramota - charter, rescript, letter, document 45 1766-68 gramota imennaia - personal charter 12 16c gramota otpusknaia - letter of commendation 12 16c gramota pravaia - trial record 12 16c gramota, obnadezhival'maia - charter of assurance 21 17c gramota, proshchal'naia - valedictory charter 21 17c gramota, zhalovannaia - charter of privileges 21 17c granat - shell, grenade 45 1766-68 Great Nakaz - Velikii nakaz - Catherine's instruction of 1767 48 1772-74 Great Northern War 45 1766-68 Great sovereign 24 Grebensk Cossacks 14 1598-1606 grebenskii gorodok - bastion 21 17c greblia - fosse, dam, embankment 06 1389-1462 grechevnaia krupa - buckwheat 21 17c greed - lakomstvo 23 17c Greek - the Greek church, empire etc 45 1766-68 "Greek Project" 48 1772-74 Greeks 10 16c gridnia - reception hall 12 16c grify - griffins 01 9-11c grivna - breastpiece, also money 06 1389-1462 Groß-Jägersdorf - battle 48 1772-74 grozno (adv.) - in dread, esteem, fear 45 1766-68 Grozny - awe-inspiring, threatening 45 1766-68 grubost' - barbarity 45 1766-68 guarantor - poruchitel' 06 1389-1462 guardianship - opeka 13 1584-98 gubnaia gramota - criminal statute 12 16c guliai-gorod - malvoisin, mobile fortress 15 1606-13 Gurians - Caucasian ethnic group 23 17c gusli - musical instrument similar to psaltery 23 17c Guvna(s) 45 1766-68 haidamaks 35 1730s Häme, Iam' - Finnic tribe 02 12c hamster - khomiak 25 1680s Hangö - battle 48 1772-74 Hanseatic League 14 1598-1606 Hats - Swedish political faction - shliapy 48 1772-74 head count - golova 12 16c head of cabbage - kochan kapusty 21 17c head tax - golovshchina 13 1584-98 Health-giving chalice 14 1598-1606 hearth tax - podymnoe 15 1606-13 hell - geenna 16 16-17c heraldry 48 1772-74 heresy of the Judaizers 45 1766-68 hermitage - pustyn' 48 1772-74 Hermitage, The - Catherine II's art collection 48 1772-74 Heruli - tribe 01 9-11c heterodox - inovernyi 06 1389-1462 hiermologians - religious hymnals 08 15c Highland Cheremiss 10 16c hired - vol'nonaemnye 48 1772-74 Historia Troiana - Troianskaia istoriia 24 Historical Acts collected and edited by the Archeographical Commissions 15 1606-13 History of Job, the first patriarch in Russia 14 1598-1606 History of the Tsars - book 24 Holstein - Oldenburg exchange treaty (1767) 48 1772-74 Holy - Roman empire; Synod; Trinity Day; Scripture; the Holy Church 45 1772-74 Holy Church, the 25 1680s Holy Cross fortress 34 1730s Holy fool 09 16c Holy hours - chasy 25 1680s Holy League, the (against Turks) 25 1680s Holy Mother Church, the 25 1680s Holy Saturday - strastnaia subbota 18 16-17c Holy Scripture 25 1680s Holy Spirit 06 1389-1462 Holy Trinity - miraculous icon 15 1606-13 Holy Week - strastnaia nedelia 16 1613-34 Holy Week - sviataia nedelia 48 1772-74 honey syrup - patoka na med 21 17c Horde - the Crimean Horde; the horde of Kazan; the Horde 45 1766-68 Horde pence - Lithuanian tribute to Crimean Tatars 09 16c hostage - amanat 16 1613-34 House(s) of Bourbon (and Austria) - house of 45 1766-68 Household Manager - domostroi 14 1598-1606 Hubertusburg, Peace of 48 1772-74 Hungarians - Hungarian mercenaries of Stefan Bathory 11 16c hungry years - golodnye gody 14 1598-1606 Huns 24 hurdles - plety 16 1613-34 Hussites 07 15c Hyperboreans 01 9-11c ialovitsa - sterile cow or sheep 06 1389-1462 iam - tax for upkeep of way stations 06 1389-1462 Iam', Häme - Finnic tribe 02 12c iamskie den'gi - postal taxes 13 1584-98 iasak - fur tribute 14 1598-1606 iashchik - strongbox 06 1389-1462 iavka - notice to the local liquor admin. of intention to prepare alcoholic beverages 24 iavka - registration fee 13 1584-98 iavlennaia kunitsa - tithe 12 16c iavochny poshliny - alcoholic beverage preparation tax 24 iaz' - ide (fish) 21 17c Ice Palace 35 1730s Icon-painters' Row - Moscow street 14 1598-1606 icons 08 15c ide (fish) - iaz' 21 17c identity card - bilet 48 1772-74 ikon - picture (sacred). use "icon" 45 1766-68 ikrylosa - church gallery 14 1598-1606 imeniny - name day 16 1613-34 imennoi prikaz - edict signed personally by emperor/empress 37 1741-44 Imereti - Georgian people 46 1768-70 Immunity charters - l'gotnye gramoty 14 1598-1606 imnitye liudi - distinguished citizens, eminent people 45 1766-68 imperial - the imperial court; imperial family 45 1766-68 imperial edict 48 1772-74 imperial emblem - keiserflag 46 1768-70 imperium (latin) - principle of the ruler's supreme power 45 1766-68 incense - ladana 17 1634-45 indemnity - okup 06 1389-1462 indenture - kabala 15 1606-13 indit'ia - church vestments 06 1389-1462 industry - promysel 06 1389-1462 infidel - busurman 20 17c informant - skhodnik, yazyk 15 1606-13 information - izvestie 06 1389-1462 inn - podvor'e 13 1584-98 inovernyi - heterodox 06 1389-1462 inquest - rozysk 13 1584-98 instructions - nakaz 16 1613-34 interregnum - mezhdutsarstvie 13 1584-98 investigation orders - sysknaia gramota 23 17c investigatory report - sledstvennoe delo 13 1584-98 iskunnoe - a tax on furs 08 15c Islam 07 15c Islamic law 48 1772-74 Isosifliane - Josephans, church doctrine 45 1766-68 ispolov'e - condition of tenant farming 06 1389-1462 istevye iski - plaintiff's fees 12 16c iuft - soft leather 37 1741-44 iurt - tent 26 1690s "Ivan Khmelnitsky" - John Barleycorn (inebriation) 26 1690s Ivangorod inhabitants - Ivangorodtsy 10 16c Ivangorodtsy - Ivangorod inhabitants 10 16c izderzhka - cost(s), shortfall 06 1389-1462 izvestie - description, note, information 06 1389-1462 izvod - clearing oneself from accusation of theft by indicating from whom the item in question was received 06 1389-1462 Jagiellonian dynasty 06 1389-1462 Jesuit college in Braunsberg 24 Jesuits 20 17c Jewish quarter - Zhudovskii gorod 20 17c Jordan - conduit or pool 23 17c Judaizers - heretical sect 08 15c Judgment by default - bezsudnaia gramota 12 16c Judicial office - zemskii dvor, zemskaia izba 15 1606-13 jumping rank, overriding - zaezd 06 1389-1462 kabak - tavern. See also kruzhechnyi dvor 24 kabala - indenture 15 1606-13 Kabardins - Caucasian ethnic group 23 17c kabatskie den'gi - tavern duties 16 1613-34 Kachins - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c kadilo - censer 16 1613-34 Kaftan - caftan 45 1766-68 Kaisak-Kirghiz - regional ethnic subgroup 23 17c Kalmyks - people 29 18c kamen'e - precious stones 06 1389-1462 kamennaia budka - stone guard house 21 17c kamka - silk brocade 06 1389-1462 kamki - silks 24 kandaly - shackles 20 17c Kanev Cossacks 09 16c kanfora - camphor 21 17c Kangar - Central Asian nomads 01 9-11c Kantseliaristskii - clerical 35 kaptorga - fastening (on clothes) 06 1389-1462 kaptura - cap 21 17c Karakalpaks - chernye klobuki, chernye kolpaki 02 11-12c karas' - crucian (yellow fish like a carp) 21 17c karas' ushnyi - carp broth 21 17c karavai - round loaves 12 16c karazeia - a coarse material of sparse texture used for lining coats 37 1741-44 karbas - large high-sided sea-going boat for transporting freight (White Sea) 06 1389-1462 Karelians 02 11-12c Karlowitz - Treaty of 35 1730s kasha - a dish of cooked grain 07 15c kasha - wedding feast 06 1389-1462 kashtelian-castellan (Polish-Lithuanian term) 11 16c Kasimov Tatars 15 1606-13 katorga - galley 13 1584-98 Kazan inhabitants - Kazantsy 10 16c Kazan Road - main route from Kazan to Russia 23 17c Kazantsy - Kazan inhabitants 10 16c kazennyi pogreb - crown (state) storehouse/ depot 45 1766-68 keep - terem (also tower court) 01 9-11c keiserflag - imperial emblem 46 1768-70 Kerels - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c Kerzhensk Old Believer settlements 29 18c kettledrums - litvary 16 1613-34 Khants - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c kharch - meat, foodstuffs, expenses 21 17c kharcheva - tavern 17 1634-45 Khazars 01 9-11c khiromdnia - ordination (of ecclessiastics); instruction 37 1741-44 khleb - grain (not only bread) 06 1389-1462 Khlysty heresy 48 1772-74 khlytsy - flagellants 45 1766-68 khokholok - topknot 12 16c kholop tvoi - form used in petitions by service people of all status 45 1766-68 Kholopgorod fair 09 16c khomiak - hamster 25 1680s khorugv' - banner 06 1389-1462 Khorutane - Carinthians 01 9-11c Khorvaty - Croatians 08 15c khozhenoe - messenger's wage, judicial escort fee 12 16c khrestianin - Christian. In Old Russia, also peasant 45 1766-68 khronograf - chronograph 45 1766-68 khronograf - survey of universal history 35 1730s kibitka - cart (military use) 35 1730s kichka - tiara worn by married women 06 1389-1462 kii - rod, cane stick 12 16c kika - woman's headgear 45 1766-68 kiln - pech' 13 1584-98 kindiak - red calico or sarafan 17 1634-45 Kirghiz - people 45 1766-68 Kirghiz-Keseks - people 46 1768-70 kiseia - thin rare cloth, originally made in India out of vegetable fibres, now cotton 17 17c kisten' - bludgeon 45 1766-68 kiver - shako (headgear) 06 1389-1462 kizilbashskii - Persian 13 1584-98 kleinoty (literally 'precious things' from Polish kleinot) - insignia 20 17c klet' - log framework 12 16c klet' - storehouse 06 1389-1462 klikushi - people subject to uncontrollable fits of screaming; possessed, hysterical women 24 kliros - choir (part of a church building) 06 1389-1462 kliuchnitsa - storehouse 06 1389-1462 Kniga "Bolshoi chertezh" - The Book on the Great Atlas. See also "Bolshoi chertezh zemli russkoi" 24 knout - knut 48 1772-74 kochan kapusty - head of cabbage 21 17c kokh - woolen overcoat 06 1389-1462 kolchuga - chain mail, chain armor, hauberk 45 1766-68 kolia - stakes 12 16c koliada - winter solstice festival 45 1766-68 kolokol'nia - belfry 18 16-17c kolokola - weights; bells in different context 06 1389-1462 kolonii - colonies 48 1772-74 kolpak - cap 45 1766-68 kolpaki - Hats (Swedish faction) 38 1745-48 koltka - jewelry 06 1389-1462 komara - apse 06 1389-1462 komasacja (Polish) - process of consolidation of landholdings 45 1766-68 Komi. See Zyrians 14 1598-1606 Kommentarii akademii - Transactions of the Academy 35 1730s komygi - footwear 06 1389-1462 konfederatsionnyi akt - act of confederation 15 1606-13 konsilium - consilium 38 1745-48 kop'e - spear, lance 45 1766-68 kopeika - lance 45 1766-68 kopevidnyi - spear-shaped, lancet-shaped 45 1766-68 kopshchizna - excise 12 16c korabel'nyi pristan' - mooring 16 1613-34 Koran 25 1680s korchma - inn, tavern 45 1766-68 korchna - illegal sales of alcoholic bevrages 37 1741-44 Koriaks - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c korm - payment to local officials in foodstuffs 07 15c Kormchaia Kniga - "the Pilot Book," digest of church canons and law 45 1766-68 kormikh - carved prow of medieval ships designed to frighten enemies 45 1766-68 kormlenie - maintenance (of crown officials by local populace) 45 1766-68 kormlenie - form of remuneration to local administrator 45 1766-68 kormlenie i puti - grant of land and its residents made by princes to boyars in recognition of their services 06 1389-1462 kormovye den'gi pomesiachno bez perevoda - direct monthly subsistence deduction 16 1613-34 kormy - provisioning 16 1613-34 koromolnik - a seditionary 45 1766-68 korolevstvo moskovskoe - Muscovite "kingdom" 11 16c korona - crown 45 1766-68 korovai - a circular, adorned wedding cake 08 15c korystoliubie - avarice, venality 06 1389-1424 kosnyi razvod - alienation of affection 18 16-17c kost' rybaia - walrus tusk (lit. "fish bone") 23 17c koster - tower, beacon (not camp fire) 06 1389-1462 kostok - customs duty on transported goods 06 1389-1462 kostolom - disease, plague (lit. bone-wracker) 06 1389-1462 kots - rug, carpet with short pile 06 1389-1462 kottsy - wickerwork dikes 12 16c Koui (Kui, Kovui) - Turkic people 02 11-12c kovriga - a large round bread 06 1389-1462 kovrishka (kovrizhka) - gingerbread 21 17c kovsh - dipper 06 1389-1462 kozaki - cossacks (but Don Cossacks, Ukrainian Cossacks) 45 1766-68 Kozakovat' - to roam, lead a life on horseback 24 Kozary - Khazars 24 kozha losinnaia - chamois leather 13 1584-98 Kozukhovskii pokhod - Kozukhovo maneuvers/ campaign 26 1690s krasomovet - clever person 23 17c krepost' - deed of purchase 21 17c krepostnoi ustav - statute of bound service 06 1389-1462 krestets - crossing 12 16c krestnaia - reception hall or private chapel of archbishop 21 17c kresto tseloval'naia zapis' - oath on the cross 45 1766-68 krestotseloval'naia zapis' - loyal rescript 16 1613-34 krestovaia - chapel 21 17c krestovaia - sacristy 18 16-17c Krewo, Union of 15 1606-13 kriuk - special, occasional tax 06 1389-1462 Krivichi - tribe 01 9-11c kromnyi gorod - fortified town 06 1389-1462 krov' rozhechnaia - subcutaneous blood 21 17c krov' zhil'naia - venous blood 21 17c krugovaia poruka - collective responsibility among peasants in regard to feudal obligations 07 15c kruzhalo - curve 12 16c kruzhechnyi dvor - liquor storehouse; tavern operated as a crown or state franchise 24 kruzhka - strongbox 18 16-17c kryl'tsa - shoulder blades 06 1389-1462 kryzh - Roman Catholic cross, crucifix; also sword handle 06 1389-1462 kubok - goblet 06 1389-1462 Kuchuk-Kainardji, Treaty of (1774) 48 1772-74 kufami - by the keg 13 1584-98 kulachnyi boi - boxing match 13 1584-98 kum - godfather to one's child(ren) 02 12c kumach - simple cotton cloth, usually reddish, sometimes blue 17 1634-45 kumis - fermented mare's milk 08 (15) Kumyks 24 kuna - money 04 13-14c Kunersdorf - battle in Seven Years War 48 1772-74 kupalnia - bath house 13 1584-98 kupol - cupola 18 16-17c kuporos - vitriol 21 17c kupshchina - commercial title to something (e.g. fishing rights) 06 1389-1462 kuriyen - camp of tents (Mongol) 45 1766-68 kushak - girdle 17 1634-45 kuteinik - side table 12 16c kutni - Asiatic half-silk cloth 17 1634-45 kvas - drink made of black bread and malt 24 kvasnyi khleb - unleavened bread 18 16-17c kvastsy - alum 21 17c l'gota - tax exemption 16 1613-34 l'gotnye gramoty - immunity charters 14 1598-1606 Lacedaemonians (Spartans) 46 1768-70 lad'ia - shallop; large oared sailing vessel 06 1389-1462 ladana - incense 17 1634-45 Ladder, The, work by St. John Climacus 06 1389-1462 ladle - chuma, chumka 06 1389-1462 ladon rosnyi - benjamin 21 17c lads - molodtsy 13 1584-98 Lady of Kazan - icon 34 1730s Lake Peipus, battle of 06 1389-1462 lakomstvo - corruption, greed 23 17c Lament of the Perm Land on the Death of Stephen 06 1389-1462 lamp oil - maslo dereviannoe 21 17c Lamuts - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c lance - pika 21 17c Lapps - lopari 13 1584-98 larchik - small chest (for storage) 06 1389-1462 Last Judgement, icon 06 1389-1462 lath - drannitsa 21 17c "Latins" - Germans (Roman Catholics) 04 13-14c Latinism 24 latnye dospeki - armor, suit of armor 45 1766-68 Latvians 10 16c laty - armor, cuirass 45 1766-68 Laurentian Chronicle 06 1389-1462 lava - bench (West Russian) 45 1766-68 lavochnoe - market stall rent 17 1634-45 Law Code (the) - of Ivan III, etc.; the code 45 1766-68 Law Code of 1649 24 Lay of Igor's Campaign 06 1389-1462 Lazghi - Caucasian people 48 1772-74 lazutchestvo - espionage 16 1613-34 leaguer - oboz 20 17c leggings - nogavitsy 06 1389-1462 leib-gvardiia - Life Guards 37 1741-44 les - forest 48 1772-74 leshch - bream 21 17c Lesser Nogay - Nogaiskie malye liudi 16 1613-34 lest' - servility (in agreements) 06 1389-1462 Letgola - tribe 01 9-11c letopis - chronicle 45 1766-68 Letopis o mnogikh miatezhak - Chronicle of Many Rebellions 14 1598-1606 letter of exchange 37 1741-44 letter of transfer (ecclesiastical) - perekhozhaia gramota 21 17c letters patent - zhalovannaia gramota 20 17c letters of credence 16 1613-34 levok - Dutch silver lion dollar (rijksdaler) 24 Lezghi (Caucasian tribe) 37 1741-44 lezhei - a type or quality of silk 23 17c Liakhi - ancient name for Poles 01 9-11c liakhy - use Polacks, pejorative term 11 16c liberty - volia 20 17c liberum veto 48 1772-74 lien - zaimshchik 48 1772-74 lichina - mask; steel plate on lock, on a horse's head 06 1389-1462 Life and Death of Grand Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, Russian Tsar 06 1389-1462 Life and Deeds of Our Most Worthy Fr. Dionysius, Archimandrite of St. Sergius 15 1606-1610 Life and Death of St. Dmitry of Priluki 06 1389-1462 life indenture - kabala 14 1598-1606 Life of Avvakum - book 24 Life of his Precursor St. Peter (book by Metropolitan Cyprian) 06 1389-1462 Life of Mikhail Alexandrovich of Tver 06 1389-1462 Life of St. Danel of Pereiaslavl - book 09 16c Life of St. Jonas of Novgorod 06 1389-1462 Life of St. Joseph of Volok - book 09 16c Life of St. Peter (of Volhynia) 06 1389-1462 Life of St. Sergius - book 24 Life of St. Stephen of Perm 06 1389-1462 Lifland Germans - see Livonians 08 15c Liflianskaia kronika Russova - Russow's Livonian Chronicle 35 1730s Likhie liudi - villains, criminals 12 16c Likhodei - political wrongdoer 45 1766-68 Lipitsa river, battle of 06 1389-1462 liquor franchise - vinnyi otkup (arenda) 25 1680s list' - writ, letter 12 16c list' zapovednyi - writ of adjournment 12 16c list' zheleznyi - safe conduct 12 16c listy - can mean "writs" 23 17c Lithuanian Cossacks 14 1598-1606 Lithuanians 10 16c Little Nogay 20 17c Little Russians 48 1772-74 liturgical books 09 16c liturgiia - Divine Liturgy (sacrament); divine liturgy (individual celebration) 24 Litva i Rus' - native Lithuanians and Russians 45 1766-68 liudskaia volokita - pernicious delay 12 16c Lives of the Saints - minei 18 16-17c Livonian War 24 Livonians 10 16c lomat' kopia - break a lance 45 1766-68 lopari - Lapps 13 1584-98 Löwenwolde, treaty of 34 1730s lower town - malyi gorod 20 17c loyal rescript - krestotseloval'naia zapis' 16 1613-34 lubenik - partition 12 16c lubok - cheap, popular print pictures 45 1766-68 luk - bow 45 1766-68 luka - pommel 45 1766-68 lukavyi - crafty 23 17c lukno - wooden basket 12 16c Lutherans 24 mace - bulava 20 17c mace - chekak, chakan 06 1389-1462 Machiavellianism 48 1772-74 Magdeburg Law - magdeburgskoe pravo 08 15c magdeburgskoe pravo - Magdeburg Law 08 15c Magistracy Regulations - magistratskii reglament 48 1772-74 magistratskii reglament - Magistracy Regulations 48 1772-74 Magyars 24 maietnost' (W. Russ.) - property 20 17c Makariev fair 35 1730s make the sign of the cross over someone - osenit' 21 17c makhti - mahdi 35 1730s malvoisin, mobile fortress - guliai-gorod 15 1606-13 malye iamsechiny - small postal dues 25 1680s malyi gorod - lower town 20 17c mama - nurse 14 1598-1606 mamaiakh - a fur collared coat like that of Mamay the Tatar 07 15c manifest - manifesto 18 16-17c manifesto - manifest 18 16-17c Maniot, tribe 38 1745-48 Mankup, prince of 09 16c manners and mores 07 15c Mansi. See Voguls 14 1598-1606 mantiia s istochnikami - bishop's cope 21 17c mantle (clothing) - bugai 06 1389-1462 manufactory - manufaktura 48 1772-74 Manuscript of Magnush, Swedish king 06 1389-1462 "Many Years" - prayer for health and long life 06 1389-1462 marine insurance - sudovaia podelka 16 1613-34 maritime towns - pomorskie goroda 16 1613-34 market stall rent - lavochnoe 17 1634-45 marriage certificate - znamia 17 1634-45 marriage customs and negotiations 08 15c maslenitsa - Shrovetide 35 1730s maslo dereviannoe - lamp oil 21 17c mass (church service) - high mass etc 45 1766-68 Massagetae - tribe 01 9-11c matins - zautreni 25 17c mëd-syrets - raw honey, comb honey 21 17c mekh - sack made of animal skins 06 1389-1462 mel'nitsy zheleznye - foundries 13 1584-98 Melanchlaeni - tribe 01 9-11c mêlée - travlia 13 1584-98 Memorials of Diplomatic Relations of Ancient Russia with Foreign Powers 15 1606-10 Mer - Slav tribe 01 9-11c mercantilism 48 1772-74 Merchants Island (Kazan) 09 16c Merians 24 merin - gelding 13 1584-98 Meshcherei - native tribe 15 1606-13 mesiachina - monthly allowance (for maintenance of slaves) 45 1766-68 mesta lavochnye - booths 12 16c mestechka - settlement 15 1606-13 mestnichestvo - code of precedence, i.e. service according to genealogical rank 45 1766-68 metafrasty - metaphrases 18 16-17c metanie kop'ia - javelin throwing 45 1766-68 metaphrases - metafrasty 18 16-17c metropolia 24 mezhdutsarstvie - interregnum 13 1584-98 mezleva - a tax (in kind) on peasants (West Russia) 45 1766-68 miagkaia rukhliad' - soft goods 13 1584-98 miasoed - period between christmas and the week before Lent when Russian Orthodox can eat meat. followed by miasopust 45 1766-68 miasopust 45 1766-68 miatezh - violent discord, revolt, rebellion, uprising 45 1766-68 middle ages 24 Milesians - nation 01 9-11c military forces 07 15c military manual - ustav ratnykh del, regulations 15 1606-13 military tactics 24 milostivaia tsarskaia gramota - tsar's letter of clemency 21 17c milostivoe slovo - word of pardon 21 17c milostynia - alms 13 1584-98 minei - Lives of the Saints 18 16-17c Minei Cheti - Readings for the Month 35 1730s Mining Ordinance 35 1730s Mining Statute of Tatishchev 35 1730s Minnelieder - German love songs 04 13-14c Miracle Worker - (e.g. Ivan the...) 25 1680s miracle workers' mead - chudotvortsevyi mëd 11 16c mirovaia zapis' - conciliation writ 12 16c mirovye zapisi - small claims 06 1389-1462 mirskii - communal 26 1690s mirskii sbor - community tax (from mir) 35 1730s mishan - a type of boat 06 1389-1462 missal - potrebnik 17 1634-45 "Mississippi Bubble" 48 1772-74 mitkal' - cotton fabric used for upholstery 17 1634-45 mnogoletie - prayers for a long life 07 15c model house - model'nyi dom 48 1772-74 model'nyi dom - model house 48 1772-74 Mohammedan - use Muslim 48 1772-74 Moldavians 20 17c moleben - solemn porayers 12 16c molodtsy - adventurers, lads 13 1584-98 Mongol empire 24 mooring - korabel'nyi pristan ' 16 1613-34 Moors 24 mor - plague 06 1389-1462 Moravian Slavs 06 1389-1462 Mordva - use Mordvinians 10 16c Mordvinians 14 1598-1606 morovaia iazva - pest, plague 48 1772-74 morskoe pristanishche - naval wharf 13 1584-98 Morskoi ustav - Naval Statute 45 1766-68 Mortgage contract - zakladnaia kabala 15 1606-13 moskal - pejorative term for Muscovite 23 17c moskatel'nye tovary - chandlery 17 1634-45 Moslem - use Muslim 48 1772-74 mostovshchina - bridge tolls 13 1584-98 Mother of God - icon 14 1598-1606 motley cloth caftan - aspidnaia odnoriadka 12 16c mountain people - gortsy 16 1613-34 moveable property 34 1730s mshanik - winter izba 12 16c Mugali - nomads 23 17c municipal statutes - gradskie zakony 18 16-17c Muroma - tribe 01 9-11c murrain - padezh 06 1389-1462 musii - mosaics 06 1389-1462 musket - ruzhnitsa 13 1584-98 Muslim - musul'manskii 16 1613-34 Muslim law 48 1772-74 musul'manskii - Muslim 16 1613-34 muzhiki gorlany 24 mystery plays 24 myt - internal customs duty, excise 06 1389-1462 mzda - benefit, profit, reward; graft, bribe, corruption 06 1389-1462 na liatskikh kryzhakh - on Polish crosses 21 17c nabat, nabatnyi kolokol - tocsin 15 17c nabor rekrut - conscription, levy 37 1741-44 Nachalnaia letopis - Primary Chronicle 35 1730s nachatok - first fruits; rudiments 21 17c nakaz - instructions 16 1613-34 nakplennik - kneecap; knee-piece 45 1766-68 name day - imeniny 16 1613-34 napominal'nyi list' - memorandum 12 16c napusk - onslaught, charge 21 17c naradnyi dukhovkyi - pro forma testament 12 16c narechnoe - extended chant (by insertion of extra notes) 21 17c nariadnaia gramota - labor contract 12 16c Narrative of Simeon, a Priest of Suzdal, or how the Pope of Rome, Eugenius, Conducted the Eighth Council with his Confederates 06 1389-1462 naruchi - wristlets, gauntlets, armplates 45 1766-68 Narva inhabitants - Narvtsy, Rugovidtsy 10 16c nasad - flatboat, barge, cargo ship 06 1389-1462 nasadnyi dvor - cargo warehouse 21 17c nashatyr - sal ammoniac, ammonium chloride 21 17c nashivki - printed cloth 17 1634-45 nasodok - levy on beer, mead or other fermented drinks 45 1766-68 nastol'naia gramota - letter of enthronement 12 16c natianut' luk - bend, draw a bow 45 1766-68 Nativity of the Mother of God, feast day (September 8) 06 1389-1462 Naval Statute - Morskoi ustav 45 1766-68 naval wharf - morskoe pristanishche 13 1584-98 navesnyi, navesnaia strel'ba, navesny ogon' - high angle fire 45 1766-68 neblagoslovenie - denial of blessing 06 1389-1462 nedobor - arrears 12 16c Nemirov - Congress of 35 1730s nemtsy - Westerners or Germans 45 1766-68 neokladnye dokhody - Unassessed Levies 25 1680s Nerukotvornyi Obraz - Icon "Not Made By Human Hands" 10 16c nestiazhateli - those who denied monasteries right to own estates; nonpossessors 45 1766-68 nesudimaia gramota - Charter of Legal Exemption 12 16c Netchiki, nety - defaulters 16 1613-34 Neuroi - mythical tribe 01 9-11c neustroistvo - disaray 06 1389-1462 New Chronicler - Novyi letopisets 14 1598-1606 New Commercal Statute 24 New Style 48 1772-74 neznaemyi - unprecedented, unheard of 06 1389-1462 Nikitiny slezy - Nikita tears 21 17c Nikonian Chronicle 06 1389-1462 nizverzhenie iz san - unfrocking 18 16-17c Nogaiskie malye liudi - Lesser Nogay 16 1613-34 nogavitsy - leggings 06 1389-1462 Nogay Horde - Nogaiskaia orda 10 16c Nogay Road - steppe nomad route into Russia 23 17c Nogay Tatars 14 1598-1606 nomocanons - a byzantine digest of ecclesiastical canons/secular law 08 15c nonpossessors - nestiazhateli 24 North/north - see East/east 45 1766-68 Northern alliance - implemented Northern System 48 1772-74 Northern System - implementation of Northern alliance 48 1772-74 nosovoe - prow tax 12 16c note - izvestie 06 1389-1462 Novgorod Chronicle 09 16c Novgorod courtyard, Moscow 14 1598-1606 Novgorod Velikii - Great Novgorod; men, people of; not Novgorodians 45 1766-68 novina - unbleached linen 12 16c Novyi Letopisets - New Chronicler 14 1598-1606 nozhi tulunbasy - Turkish-style daggers 17 1634-45 Nystadt, treaty of 34 1730s oak apples - oreshki chernil'nye 17 1634-45 Ob Ugrians - regional ethnic subgroup 23 17c obchina - communal property 04 13-14c Obdorsk Ostiaks - regional ethnic subgroup 23 17c obednia zaupokoinaia - funeral mass 13 1584-98 obiaz - sash (clothing) 06 1389-1462 obitel' - cloister, monastery 06 1389-1462 oboz - baggage train, leaguer, encampment 16 1613-34 Obray - Avars 24 obrazisovye gramoty - protocol documents 16 1613-34 obrezan'e - circumcision 18 16-17c obrochnyi sbor - land lease/use payment 37 1741-44 obrok - quitrent 48 1772-74 Obschaia Mineia (Common Readings) 15 1606-13 obysknaia gramota - investigation warrant 12 16c obzha - a land taxation unit in novgorod, areal 45 1766-68 ochnaia stavka - confrontment (vernadsky mrl), visual confrontation 12 16c Octchos - oktykh 18 16-17c odinachnaia zapis' - act of solidarity 17 1634-45 odnoriadka - long caftan 12 16c ogorod - cabbage patch 13 1584-98 ogorodnia - a section of the wooden wall around towns 45 1766-68 ogorodnik - builder of urban fortifications (gorodnik) 45 1766-68 ogul - son (Turkic) 45 1766-68 Oka defense line 09 16c okhaben - caftan-like garment of wide cut, with a square lay-down collar and frequently having pin-back sleeves 06 1389-1462 Okhotnyi riad - Hunters row 25 1680s oklad - fixed amount of tax paid by a group 37 1741-44 okladnaia kniga - asessment book; tax roll 35 1730s okolnichie (lords-in-waiting) 15 1606-13 okolotok - adjacent area, immediate environs 06 1389-1462 okov - small barrel, tub with iron hoops 06 1389-1462 okovy - fetters 20 17c okrug - district, territory 35 1730s okruzhnaia gramota - circular 17 1634-45 okruzhnoe poslanie - encyclical 06 1389-1462 oktykh - Oktchos 18 16-17c okun' - perch 21 17c okup - indemnity, reparation 06 1389-1462 okup - ransom 04 13-14c Old Belief, the 25 1680s Old Believer - raskol'nik 38 1745-48 Old Believers, Old Ritualists - Staroobriadtsy 25 1680s "old holdings" of princess - dowry lands 06 1389-1462 Old Slavonic language - staryi slavianskii yazyk 16 1613-34 Old Style 48 1772-74 Oldenburg, duchy of - duchy of Oldenburg 45 1766-68 Olomouc, battle of 06 1389-1462 olovir - silk threaded with gold 06 1389-1462 omofor - omophorion, vestment worn by Eastern archbishops; similar to stole 08 15c omophorion - omofor 08 15c On Military Conduct - book 24 on Polish crosses - na laitskikh kryzhakh 21 17c On the Fabric of the Human Body - book 24 On the Sybils - book 24 On the Taking of Moscow by Tsar Tokhtamysh and the Enslavement of the Russian Land - book 06 1389-1462 Onega charter 09 16c Onipolovtsy - group of people in Novgorod 03 12-13c onslaught - napusk 21 17c opala - disfavor, disgrace 13 1584-98 opashen - light summer caftan 06 1389-1462 opasnaia gramota - safe conduct charter 23 17c opeka - guardianship 13 1584-98 open field system 45 1766-68 opis' - rescript 16 1613-34 opresnoki - unleavened communion wafers 18 16-17c oprichnina - dower (oprich' = except for) 06 1389-1462 opustoshenie - devastation 06 1389-1462 orari - stoles of deacons 08 15c orat' vzgonom - to plough in a gang 06 1389-1462 oratory - vitiistvo 23 17c Orden Andreia Pervozvannogo - Order of St. Andrew the First-called 26 1690s Order of St. Andrew - andreevskii orden 46 1768-70 Order, the. See Livonian Knights, Order of 08 15c Ordre equestre - Gentry (Polish) 48 1772-74 Orekhov island, treaty of 06 1389-1462 Orel (the Eagle) - Russian ship built in 1669 23 17c Orenburgskaia ekspeditsiia - Orenburg Expedition (office) 35 1730s oreshki chernil'nye - oak apples, gall nuts 17 1634-45 Orlov party - faction 48 1772-74 orphans - siroty 25 1680s Orthodox church; Orthodox faith 07 15c Orthodoxy 48 1772-74 osadnye orudiia - siege engines 16 1613-34 Osedly - sedentary Tatar people 46 1768-70 osek - fortress 45 1766-68 oseniti - make the sign of the cross over someone 21 17c Osinsk Road - main nomad route from Osa region 23 17c Osmichee - commercial customs of 1/8 value 07 15c oslop - club, war club, bludgeon 06 1389-1462 osmina - eighth of grain etc 37 1741-44 osmnichaia - one-eighth customs duty on transported goods 06 1389-1462 osmnik 08 15c osobnost' - particularism 13 1584-98 Ostiaks 07 15c ostrog - fortress, prison, fort, fortification, stockade 45 1766-68 ostrozhek - small fort, trading post 45 1766-68 ot"ezchik - deserter 12 16c otchina - an inherited territory or patrimony 07 15c otdel'nye knigi - registers of transfers 14 1598-1606 otkaznaia gramota - transferral document 12 16c otkup - the franchise to collect customs and sell liquor 07 15c otkupnaia gramota - redemption charter 12 16c otkupnye gramoty - tax farming charters 13 1584-98 otpiska - a letter or legal document of various kinds 37 1741-44 otpiski - registry copies 21 17c otpusknaia - certificate of manumission 15 1606-13 otstupnaia gramota - conveyance 12 16c otstupnik - renegade 18 16-17c Ottoman Porte 45 1766-68 Ottomans 08 15c otvetnaia gramota - charter in reply 12 16c otvodnaia gramota - deed, title to land 06 1389-1462 otvoznye poshliny - transit duties 17 1634-45 Our Lady of Smolensk - icon 26 1690s outpost - zastava 20 17c overriding - zaezd (jumping rank) 06 1389-1462 ovkach - drinking vessel 06 1389-1462 ozherel'itse - decorative collar 13 1584-98 padezh - murrain 06 1389-1462 paiusnaia ikra - pressed caviar 21 17c palata - hall, chamber; palace (archaic) 06 1389-1462 Palm Sunday procession 15 1606-13 pamiat' - promissory note 16 1613-34 pamiat' - report (often ecclesiastical) 06 1389-1462 panagia - panagiia 21 17c panagiia - panagia 21 17c panegyric - pokhval'noe slovo 06 1389-1462 panikhida - requiem 13 1584-98 Panin party - faction 48 1772-74 pantsir - coat of mail, armor 45 1766-68 pantsirnyi - armor-clad, iron-clad 45 1766-68 papal bull 45 1766-68 parapet - zabrala (zabralo) 06 1389-1462 parasitical infection - chervivaia bolezn' 21 17c Paris, treaty of (1763) 48 1772-74 parish book of the dead - pominan'ia 18 16-17c particularism - osobnost' 13 1584-98 pastila - pastille 21 17c patoka na med - honey syrup 21 17c patrakhilnaia (postikharnaia) gramota - authorization for widowed deacon to perform his ecclesiastical duties 37 1741-44 patriarch's stall - patriarshee mesto 21 17c patriarshee mesto - patriarch's stall 21 17c patrimony - otchina 02 11-12c pauzok - flat-bottomed boat, lighter 06 1389-1462 pavoloka - decorative fabric 06 1389-1462 Peace of Hubertusburg 48 1772-74 Peace of Westphalia 48 1772-74 Peace of, Truce of, Treaty of 16 1613-34 pearls - zhemchug 06 1389-1462 pech' - kiln 13 1584-98 pechalovat'sia - to take care of someone, something; have concern for 06 1389-1462 pechat' voiskovaia - the Host's seal 20 17c Pechenegs - nomadic tribe 01 9-11c Pechersky falconers 06 1389-1462 Pechora, river and tribe 06 1389-1462 pectoral - alam 06 1389-1462 peculium - personal accessories (in Roman law) 45 1766-68 pedestrians - peshtsy (pleasants who pulled plough) 06 1389-1462 pelena - shroud 06 1389-1462 pelenki - swaddling clothes 13 1584-98 pen' - fine 15 1606-13 Pentecost - Troitsa (also Trinity Sunday), piatdesiatnitsa 06 1389-1462 perch - okun' 21 17c perednia - forecourt 14 1598-1606 Pereiaslavl, Treaty of (1654) 25 1680s Pereiaslavl Chronicle 06 1389-1462 perekhozhaia gramota - letter of transfer (ecclesiastical) 21 17c pereletchik - deserter 02 12c peremetchik - turncoat 04 13-14c perepisnye knigi - census books 45 1766-68 pereriazhennyi - dressed as a mummer 26 1690s perevod - conversion, commutation 12 16c perevod - extradition 06 1389-1462 perevoz - ferry or ford toll 13 1584-98 permanent peace - vechnyi mir 13 1584-98 Persian - kizilbashskii 13 1584-98 Persians 24 personal insignia - razriad 15 1606-13 personnel lists - posluzhnye spiski 17 1634-45 pershi - breastworks (fortification) 06 1389-1462 peshtsy - pedestrians (peasants who pulled plough) 06 1389-1462 pest plague - morovaia iazva - Pestilence 48 1772-74 Petersburg convention on Polish partition 48 1772-74 petition - chelobitnaia 06 1389-1462 petition - podpiska 48 1772-74 petitioners - chelobitchiki 16 1613-34 petitioner - chelobitnik 06 1389-1462 Peucini - ancient tribe 01 9-11c Piast - Polish dynasty 46 1768-70 piataia den'ga - the fifth coin (tax) 45 1766-68 piatdesiatnitsa - Pentecost 24 Piatigorsk Cherkess 10 16c piatinnye den'gi - fifths 16 1613-34 piatno - a duty on branding horses for sale 08 15c picnics - piknik 48 1772-74 Piebald (Skewbald) Horde - Siberian tribal union 23 17c "pig" - wedge formation of troops 04 13-14c piitika - poetics 18 16-17c pika - pike, lance 21 17c pike - pika 21 17c piknik - picnics 48 1772-74 Pisans 06 1389-1462 pischal' - arquebus 45 1766-68 pischee - duty paid for registering a document 07 15c pishchal'nye den'gi - musket impost 12 16c pistsovye knigi - cadastral surveys 15 1606-13 pistsovye knigi - census books 35 1730s pitch hut - buda 21 17c plague - mor 06 1389-1462 plague - povetrie 20 17c plat'e chernecheskoe - monastic habit 14 1598-1606 platter - bliudo 06 1389-1462 plavnyi ves - floating scales 12 16c pleasure garden - poteshnyi sad 13 1584-98 pledge - zalog 15 1606-13 pledged dependence 24 plenary resolution - polnyi prigovor 16 1613-34 plety - hurdles 16 1613-34 plitianaia - built of limestone or sandstone 06 1389-1462 ploshki - salt cakes, salt slabs 06 1389-1462 plotva - roach 21 17c plowland - sokha (unit of taxation) 15 1606-13 plowland tax - posokh 14 1598-1606 plowland tax - sokh 14 1598-1606 plug - (heavy) plough - unit of taxation equal to two ploughlands 06 1389-1462 po isprave - as is right, just, due 06 1389-1462 po ukaznoi tsene - at a fixed price 13 1584-98 po zgadtse - as agreed 06 1389-1462 poberezhnoe - fee for mooring boats 06 1389-1462 pobor - salary, service obligations 12 16c pobory - requisitions, extraordinary taxes 06 1389-1462 pochest' (verb) - to count, consider 06 1389-1462 pochinok - woodland settlement, assart 12 16c pod"emnaia poshlina - weighing fee 13 1584-98 pod"ezd - visitation tax collected by prelate from clergy; tithe 06 1389-1462 pod"ezdy - reconnaissance expeditions 16 1613-34 podat' za vkhod - entrance fee 18 16-17c podklet' - ground floor 12 16c podmet - false evidence, planting of false evidence 06 1389-1462 podmetnye pisma - anonymous written reports and denunciations 37 1741-44 podmoga - stipend, subsidy 12 16c podpiska - petition 48 1772-74 podriad - (govt.) contract 37 1741-44 podsenie - covered place 12 16c podushnye den'gi - poll tax 38 1745-48 podushnyi oklad - head (poll) tax 25 1680s podushnyi podat' - soul tax 48 1772-74 podvod - transportation services 17 1634-45 podvor'e - forecourt 25 1680s podvor'e - inn 13 1584-98 podymnoe - hearth tax 15 1606-13 poetics - piitika 18 16-17c pogreb - burial; a forgetting 06 1389-1462 pokhoromoe - residence tax 12 16c pokhval'noe slovo - panegyric 06 1389-1462 poklep - false accusation 06 1389-1462 poklon - salutation, respect 06 1389-1462 poklonnoe - tribute 12 16c pokrov (feast day) - Intercession (October 1) 14 1598-1606 pokrovitel'stvo - protectorate 13 1584-98 polack (derogatory term) - liakhi 11 16c Poland, partition of 48 1772-74 polavochnoe - shop fees 12 16c polaz - arrival; in superstition unexpected appearance 06 1389-1462 poldengi pishchei - half a scribe's fee 12 16c poliakovat - to roam the plains, fields 24 Poliane - tribe 01 9-11c Polianovka, Treaty of 20 17c polichnoe - stolen goods found on person of thief as evidence of theft 06 1389-1462 Polish army 48 1772-74 Polish Succession, War of the 35 1730s "Political Catechism" 48 1772-74 "Political Testament" 48 1772-74 Politichnye dumy - "Politcal Reflections" by Krizhanich 24 poliud'e - circuit tax 12 16c Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei - Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles 15 1606-10 polnoshchnyi - northern 06 1389-1462 polnyi prigovor - plenary resolution 16 1613-34 Polochane - Polotsk inhabitants 10 16c poloe mesto - open place 45 1766-68 polog bogoroditsy - "Virgin's labor" 18 16-17c polonianichnye dengi - money for redeeming captives (a tax) 45 1766-68 polos - sabre, sword 17 1634-45 polosataia tkan' - striped cloth, sometimes with gold or silver animal design 17 1634-45 polot, polotok - half a carcase of meat 06 1389-1462 Polotsk inhabitants - Polochane 10 16c Polovetsians (Cumans) 03 11-13c Polovtsy - use Polovetsians (Cumans) 03 11-13c polsta - groundsheet 17 1634-45 polukareta - coupe, type of carriage, wagon 24 Pomeranians (Pomoriane) - Slav tribe 01 9-11c pomernoe - customs house measuring (of goods) fee 45 1766-68 pomestiti - to place 45 1766-68 pominan'ia - parish book of the dead 18 16-17c pominki - presents 45 1766-68 pominok - gift, bribe 12 16c pomoch' den'gami - subsidy 13 1584-98 pomor - a seashore dweller (specifically on White Sea/Arctic Ocean) 45 1766-68 poplashnaia - lumber duty 12 16c Poplevin - house of 09 16c popluzhnoe - plough tax 06 1389-1462 popon - horse blanket 17 1634-45 popovskaia gramota - sacerdotal letters 12 16c poriadnoe - sales tax 12 16c porok, prak - catapult 06 1389-1462 porshane - men of the Rus river 02 11-12c portki - pants 45 1766-68 portnoe - tailor's obligation to sew for master; tax levy in kind 06 1389-1462 portomoin' - wash house 18 16-17c Portugese 10 16c poruchitel' - guarantor 06 1389-1462 poruka - surety 16 1613-34 posazhennoe - docking fee 13 1584-98 poshlina - tariff (in commerce) 06 1389-1462 poshlina sval'naia - unloading duties 13 1584-98 poshliny - dues 13 1584-98 poshliny otvoznye - transit duties 17 1634-45 poshliny proezzhie - tolls 17 1634-45 poshlyi - old, ancient 06 1389-1462 posil'e - land parcel 12 16c posledniaia mera - final offer 16 1613-34 poslushnichestvo - witnessing; evidence 06 1389-1462 poslushnye gramoty - rescripts of obedience 06 1389-1462 posluzhnye spiski - personnel lists 17 1634-45 posokha - quota of army recruits based on sokha 06 1389-1462 posokh - plowland tax 14 1598-1606 pososhnye den'gi - auxiliaries impost tax, levied from tax-paying peasants to provide for the needs of war 12 16c pospeshenie - success; good hastening 06 1389-1462 pospolite ruszenie - general mobilization (in Poland) 45 1766-68 pospolitoe rushen'e - international forces, allied troops 23 17c Possessors 24 post horse stations 08 15c postal taxes - iamskie den'gi 13 1584-98 postoi - obligation to billet soldiers 06 1389-1462 posul - promise of a bribe, graft 37 1741-44 posyl'naia gramota - commissioning charter, courier charter 12 16c poteshnyi sad - pleasure garden 13 1584-98 potok - banishment 03 12-13c potrava - damage to a corn field by grazing cattle 07 15c potrebnik - missal 17 1634-45 povalusha (-i) - a cool, summer bedroom 08 15c povatazhnaia - tax on collective enterprises (vatagi) 06 1389-1462 povetrie - plague 20 17c povorotnoe - market fee 12 16c povoz - transport or delivery obligations, cartage 12 16c pozhalovat - to grant or favor 45 1766-68 pozhilnye dengi - monetary compensation (from those sheltering runaway peasants to owners) 35 1730s pozhiloe - departing fee 12 16c pozhilye dvory - houses provided for peasants by the lord 45 1766-68 pozhilye dvory - houses rented by peasants 45 1766-68 pozhilye den'gi - monetary compensation 26 1690s Pragmatic Sanction - pragmaticheskaia sanktsiia 38 1745-48 pragmaticheskaia sanktsiia - Pragmatic Sanction 38 1745-48 pravaia gramota - deed, judgment proper 15 1606-13 Pravda - justice or law 45 1766-68 pravezh - law on collection of debts from defaulters by imprisonment and regular beatings 37 1741-44 pravezh - stocks 20 17c pravezh - trial for default 26 1690s pravo - right, law; prawo rycerskie - rights of knighthood (Polish) 45 1766-68 pravo ot"ezda - right of free departure 04 13-14c pravo propinatsii - right to sell liquors (West Russia) 45 1766-68 prayerbook - trebnik 18 16-17c precedence - mestnichestvo 15 1606-13 Prechista - the icon of the Mother of God 08 15c Prechistaia - "most pure", Immaculate (in reference to the Virgin Mary) 45 1766-68 precious stones - kamen'e 06 1389-1462 predtech - the forerunner, or John the Baptist 07 15c prelestnik - seducer 14 1598-1606 premudryi - "The Wise" 45 1766-68 "Preruined Ukraine" - prezhdepogibshaia Ukraina (before 1654) 14 1598-1606 pressed caviar - paiusnaia ikra 21 17c pretenderism - samozvantsvo 11 16c prianye koren'ia - spices 06 1389-1462 pribavka - codicil 15 1606-13 pridel - a second, additional sanctuary (altar') in church 06 1389-1462 prigovor - sentence, decree, resolution 14 1598-1606 prigozha/po prigozhu - if it suits, is suitable 06 1389-1462 prikaznye raskhody - chancellery disbursements 16 1613-34 prilep - bas-relief 06 1389-1462 primet - type of assessment, surtax 12 16c primetnye opisi - taxation schedules 12 16c primysly - acquisitions, gains, designs 06 1389-1462 pripadaiushchie - catachuments 11 16c pripadka paduchei bolezni - epileptic seizure 13 1584-98 pripravochnaia kniga - register of dowries 12 16c prishka - gun, cannon 45 1766-68 pristavstvo - protection money 18 16-17c prisudy - court costs 12 16c prisyl'naia gramota - commissions charters 12 16c Pritochnik - a book of fables 06 1389-1462 pritvory - atrium 18 16-17c prival - siege tower 26 1690s private audience - chastnaia audientsiia 18 16-17c private chapel of archbishop - krestnaia 21 17c priviaznoe - fee for tying (sheltering) cattle 06 1389-1462 privilege - volnost' 06 1389-1462 privileges - privilegii 25 1680s Privilegii Akademii - Charter of the Academy 25 1680s privilegiia, privilegii - charter 35 1730s privilei - grand-princely charter (Western Rus) 45 1766-68 privilei korolevskii - royal privilege 18 16-17c prodazha - monetary fine for infraction; guilt 06 1389-1462 proest' - maintenance expenses 12 16c proezzhaia gramota - travel permit 15 1606-13 proezzhie poshliny - tolls 17 1634-45 progonnye den'gi - courier tax 15 1606-13 prokliatie - damnation , anathema 06 1389-1462 prokliatnaia gramota - pact of sacred oath 06 1389-1462 promissory note - pamiat' 16 1613-34 promissory note - zapis' v platezhe deneg 16 1613-34 promysel - commercial enterprise, industry 06 1389-1462 promyt - a fine 12 16c prona - fortress 09 16c Prophet Elijah Day (July 20) 06 1389-1462 propinatsia - propination (drinking) 45 1766-68 prorubnye dengi - ice-hole money (fee in winter to draw water, wash clothes and water livestock in ice holes) 24 proshchal'naia gramota - certificate of leave-taking 06 1389-1462 prosukha - passable dry road in spring 37 1741-44 prosviry - communion loaves 25 1680s protection money - pristavstvo 18 16-17c protectorate - pokrovite'stvo 13 1584-98 protest - protestatsiia 18 16-17c Protestants - protestanty 48 1772-74 protestatsiia - protest 18 16-17c protiven' - a copper pit; frying pan of sheet metal 06 1389-1462 protocol documents - obraztsovye gramoty 16 1613-34 protori (-y) - expenses 06 1389-1462 protrop - ordination cerificate 12 16c provisioning - kormy 16 1613-34 prudiinyi shchit - gun shield 45 1766-68 Prus - Baltic tribe 01 9-11c Prut - frontage 12 16c Pruth, Treaty of 35 1730s psalter - psaltir' 24 psaltir' - psalter 24 pshena sorochinskogo - millet seed 17 1634-45 pshenitsa - wheat 45 1766-68 Pskov charter 06 1389-1462 Pskov chronicler 09 16c Pskov inhabitants - Pskovtsy 10 16c Pskovtsy - Pskov inhabitants 10 16c ptichii grai - bird calls 06 1389-1462 ptur (?) 12 16c public funds - kazannye den'gi 12 16c pud - weighing fee 12 16c pudovaia - weighing fee 06 1389-1462 Pugachev uprising 48 1772-74 pupki - strips of belly fur (very soft and of high quality) 23 17c pushechka - culverin 13 1584-98 Pushkins, affair of the 48 1772-74 pustota - idle land (one archaic meaning) 37 1741-44 pytka - torture 45 1766-68 quarantine house 48 1772-74 quarter - posad 15 1606-13 quarter post tax - chetvertnye yamskie (den'gi) 25 1680s quitrent - obrok 48 1772-74 quiver - saadak 17 1634-45 Radimichi - tribe 01 9-11c rafli - puzzles and astrology books 12 16c raft - strug 13 1584-98 rampart - val 48 1772-74 ransom - okup 04 13-14c raskol - schism 35 1730s raskol'nik - Old Believer, schismatic 35 1730s raskosovat (raskasirovat) - to disband (a military unit) 37 1741-44 raspiska - bail 26 1690s raspravnye dela - lawsuits 26 1690s Rassuzhdenie - "Discourse" 35 1730s raw honey - mëd-syrets 21 17c razboinichestvo - brigandage 35 1730s razdel rodichei - apportionment for close relatives 12 16c razdel'noe - rescript of the division of property 06 1389-1462 razmet - declaration of war 10 16c razriad - region 35 1730s razriady - crown service registers 13 1584-98 razrub - apportionment of taxes and levies 12 16c Readings for the Month - Cheti Minei 35 1730s reception hall of archbishop - krestnaia 21 17c reconaissance expeditions - pod"ezdy 16 1613-34 reduktsiia - reduktion (resumption by the Swedish crown of aliented crown estates) 26 1690s reestr - register (of cossacks) 18 16-17c refectory - trapeza 18 16-17c Reformer, the reformer - caps when referring to Peter 45 1766-68 regency - regentstvo 13 1584-98 regentstvo - regency 13 1584-98 register - rospis' 13 1584-98 register (of cossacks) - reestr 18 16-17c registration fee - iavka 13 1584-98 registry copies - otpiski 21 17c Reglament Glavnogo magistrata - the Regulations for the Main Magistracy (1721) 37 1741-44 reikhstaler - reichsthaler 26 1690s renegade - otstupnik 18 16-17c reparation - okup 06 1389-1462 requiem - panikhida 13 1584-98 requiem mass - zaupokoinaia 18 16-17c rescript - opis' 16 1613-34 rescripts of obedience - poslushnye gramoty 06 1389-1462 reskript - memorandum, edict, decree 37 1741-44 respect - poklon 06 1389-1462 retail - v roznitsu 16 1613-34 Reval inhabitants - Kolyvantsy 10 16c revision - doklad 12 16c reviziia - census 38 1745-48 revnitel' - zealot 26 1690s rezanka - tax on fur 06 1389-1462 Rhenish - Rhine, white wine 23 17c rhetoric - ritorika 18 16-17c riad - contract, testament 04 13-14c riadnaia gramota - marriage contract 12 16c riadovaia gramota - stall-merchant charter 12 16c riady - accommodations, arrangements; the outcome of a trial; settlement of a court case 06 1389-1462 Riazan cossacks 06 1389-1462 Riazan inhabitants - riazantsy 10 16c riazantsy - Riazan inhabitants 10 16c ribazuba - walrus tusk 45 1766-68 Riga inhabitants - Rizhane 10 16c right of free departure - pravo ot"ezda 04 13-14c rights of private persons - chastnye prava 06 1389-1462 rights of the senior - starshii put' 06 1389-1462 riot - gil' 21 17c ritorika - rhetoric 18 16-17c ritual - chin 21 17c rizhane - Riga inhabitants 10 16c roach - plotva 21 17c rod - clan; clan progenitor 45 1766-68 rodoslavnaia kniga - Register of Nobility 45 1766-68 rogatina - bear spear, two-ronged pike 06 1389-1462 rogatki - barrier constructed of pickets 48 1772-74 rogatochnye - street barriers 48 1772-74 rogovoe - a tax on animals by the number of horns 08 15c rogticha - bear spear 06 1389-1462 rokosz - rebellion in Poland (note) 15 1606-13 rosomakha - wolverine 45 1766-68 rospis' - register 13 1584-98 rosskii - red-headed or fair person 23 17c Roxolani - tribe 01 9-11c royal allowance - tsarskoe zhalovane 25 1680s royal gates, doors (central door of iconostasis) - tsarskie vrata 23 17c royal privilege - privilei korolevskii 18 16-17c royal seal - gosudarstvennaia pechat 15 1606-13 rozdel - part, division (of a statute) 45 1766-68 rozhanitsa - genitrix 45 1766-68 rozhdestvo Khristovo - Christmas 18 16-17c rozysk - inquest 13 1584-98 rozysk - trial by inquisition 26 1690s rubashka - shirt 24 rublevaia poshlina - sales tax 24 rudiments - nachatok 21 17c rugodivtsy - inhabitants of Narva 10 16c rukavitsa - mittens, gauntlets 45 1766-68 rukhliad - service equipment 16 1613-34 rukhliad' - worn, shabby items 06 1389-1462 Rumney - sweet wine from Greece 23 17c Rus Justice - Russkaia Pravda 06 1389-1462 Rus lands-Ukraine and Belarus, often referred to as Ruthenia 11 16c rusin - Ruthenian (can refer to Ukrainian and Belorussians) 25 1680s Russian army 48 1772-74 Russkaia letopis' - Russian chronicle 26 1690s Russkaia Pravda - Rus Justice 02 11-12c Russkii (Polish) - Ruthenian (in Polish context) 26 1690s Russo-Lithuanian Orthodox church 06 1389-1462 Russo-Turkish War 48 1772-74 Ruthenia (note) - term for Ukraine and Belarus 11 16c Ruthenian - Rusin (can refer to Ukrainian and Belorussian) 25 1680s ruzhnaia gramota - emolument charter 12 16c ruzhnitsa - musket 13 1584-98 ryba belaia - white salmon 45 1766-68 rynda - prince's bodyguard 06 1389-1462 s"ezd - session 16 1613-34 saadak - archery equipment 13 1584-98 sables 09 16c sacrament of marriage - brachnoe blagoslovenie 18 16-17c sacristy - krestovaia 18 16-17c sad - homestead, garden, farm, orchard 06 1389-1462 saf'ian - leather made of goat hides, similar to morocco leather 17 1634-45 safe-conduct(s) 45 1766-68 sagadaki - bow and arrows with quivers 07 15c Saian Mountain Tatars - ethnic subgroup 23 17c saigat - trophy 04 13-14c Saint - use "St." 45 1776-68 St. Bartholemew's massacre 11 16c St. Catherine's (Liberation) - order of chivalry 29 18c St. George's Day (April 23 and November 26) 08 15c St. Nicholas Day (December 6) 20 17c St. Nikon - miraculous icon 15 1606-13 St. Paul, feast day of 48 1772-74 St. Peter - galliot 48 1772-74 St. Peter's Day (June 29) 48 1772-74 St. Philip's Day (October 22) 06 1389-1462 St. Simon's Day 20 17c Saksen-meiningskii - of Saxe-Meiningen 35 1730s Saksins - people, descendants of Khazars 04 13-14c saksontsy - Saxons 24 sal ammoniac - nashatyr 21 17c salary scales 29 18c sally, sortie - vylazka 20 17c salt mines, royal Polish 48 1772-74 Salt tax - solianyi sbor 48 1772-74 Saltonut - tribe 38 1745-48 salutation - poklon 06 1389-1462 salvo - strel'ba 20 17c Samogitians - nation 01 9-11c samopal - ancient smoothbore weapon loaded from muzzle (flintlock?), muzzleloader 45 1776-68 samopal - crossbow 16 1613-34 samoupravlenie - autonomy 13 1584-98 samovidets - eyewitness 45 1766-68 samozvanstvo-pretenderism 11 16c San - dignity; in Kalmyk, army division 45 1766-68 Sandomierz confederation 34 1730s Sankt Peterburgskie vedomosti - St. Petersburg Record 35 1730s Santa Profeetie - name of ship 26 1690s Saracens 06 1389-1462 sarafan - tunic 04 13-14c sarai - shed 13 1584-98 Sarmatians 35 1730s sash (clothing) - obiaz 06 1389-1462 Saxon party (Poland) 48 1772-74 sbor - levy 12 16c sbornik - compilation 06 1389-1462 sbornoe - collection (church tax) 06 1389-1462 sbornoe voskresene - first Sunday in Lent 45 1766-68 sbory - church services 24 schety - a kind of franchise 02 18c screamers - klikushi 29 18c Scythians 35 1730s search warrant - sysknaia gramota 23 17c Sebezh - battle 09 16c second cousin - dvoiurodnyi vnuk 12 16c secret tower 08 15c seducer - prelestnik 14 1598-1606 selishche - undeveloped village 06 1389-1462 selo - a village 07 15c seltso - a small village 07 15c semik - the 7th Thursday after Easter 07 15c seni - entrance hall, antechamber 12 16c seniority - starshinstvo 06 1389-1462 serafim (adj.) - flaming (not archangels) 06 1389-1462 serdolichnyi - carnelian (semi-precious stone) 06 1389-1462 serebro v slitkakh - silver ingots 16 1613-34 serebshchina (serebshchizna) - silver collection, a war tax 45 1766-68 sergi - earrings 45 1766-68 sermiaga - coarse heavy kaftan 45 1766-68 service equipment - rukhliad 16 1613-34 servicebook - trioda 18 16-17c session - s"ezd 16 1613-34 settlement - mestechka 15 1606-13 seven ecumenical councils 06 1389-1462 Seven Years War 48 1772-74 severiane - protoslavic tribe, Severians 14 1598-1606 sevriuga - a kind of sturgeon 45 1766-68 shackles - kandaly 20 17c shakhter - a tent 08 15c shako (headgear) - kiver 06 1389-1462 shamanism 48 1772-74 shapka - cap 45 1766-68 shapka (of a prince) - coronet 06 1389-1462 shapka Monomakha - cap of Monomakh 16 1613-34 shar - paint 06 1389-1462 sharap - type of drink from Shiraz 23 17c sharpshooters 24 Shchegolin & Co. 29 18c Shchenia 45 1766-68 shchit - shield, buckler 45 1766-68 shchuki zakornye - pike 12 16c shed - sarai 13 1584-98 shert' - oath of loyalty (term of Arabic and Turkish extraction) 45 1766-68 Shiban horde of Tiumen 08 15c ship taxes - sudovaia poshlina 13 1584-98 shishak - spiked helmet 45 1766-68 shliapa - hat 45 1766-68 shliapy - Hats (Swedish political faction) 38 1745-48 shortfall - izderzhka 06 1389-1462 shoulder blades - kryl'tsa 06 1389-1462 shroud - pelena 06 1389-1462 Shrovetide - maslennitsa 14 1598-1606 shuba - fur coat 45 1766-68 shvaby - Swabians 24 Siberian reserve - sibirskii zapas 18 16-17c Siberian Road - main nomad route 23 17c sibirskii zapas - Siberian reserve 18 16-17c Sidous - division of Bastarnai 01 9-11c siege engines - osadnye orudiia 16 1613-34 sierotka - Polish nickname "orphan" applied to Mikolaj Radziwi¬¬ 11 16c silk brocade - kamka 06 1389-1462 silver ingots - serebro v slitkakh 16 1613-34 Simeonovden - St. Simeon's Day New Year's Day: 1 Sept. (14 Sept. NS) 24 sinodik - table of ranks of the Orthodox church 06 1389-1462 sinodiki - synodicals; books of the dead in Orthodox church; list of Ivan IV's victims which he ordered composed 45 1766-68 siroty - orphans 25 1680s skalva - scales 06 1389-1462 skaternaia - table cloth duty (tax), import tax 45 1766-68 skazanie - tale 45 1766-68 skhima - strictest (monastic) vows 14 1598-1606 skopchestvo (skoptsy) heresy - castration heresy 48 1772-74 skoptsy - castrates 45 1766-68 skorlatnoe - an expensive fabric 06 1389-1462 skoryi pomoshchnik - speedy helper 45 1766-68 skuf'ia - cowl 14 16c slava - glory 45 1766-68 slavlenie - carol singing 26 1690s Slavophiles 24 Slavs 06 1389-1462 investigatory report - sledstvennoe delo 13 1584-98 sliuda - mica 45 1766-68 Slobodskaia Ukraina - Northeastern Ukraine 20 17c Slovenes (Ilmen Slavs) 01 9-11c Slovo o polku Igoreve - Tale of Igor's Campaign 02 11-12c sluchai soiuza - causus foederis 38 1745-48 sluzhba - military service; holding office; a church service 06 1389-1462 sluzhba ratchina - military service 12 16c sluzhiloe kholopstvo - service contract slavery 45 1766-68 small claims - mirovye zapisi 06 1389-1462 small postal dues - malye yamsechini 25 1680s smolchug - pitch 35 1730s Smolensk embassy 15 1606-13 Smolensk inhabitants - Smoliane 10 16c Smolensk War 15 1606-13 Smoliane - Smolensk inhabitants 10 16c smotret' po spiskam - call the roll 16 1613-34 smuta - trouble, sedition, rebellion, unrest 45 1766-68 smutnoe vrenia - Time of Troubles 45 1766-68 snariad ognestrel'nyi - firearms 13 1584-98 So-called Other Tale - chronicle 14 1598-1606 sobiranie zemli russkoi - "the gathering of the Russian land" 45 1766-68 soboli sorokani - sable furs 24 sobornnyi ploshchad - cathedral square 25 1680s Sobornoe Ulozhenie - Law Code of 1649; the Code of 1649; the Code 45 1766-68 soborovanie maslom - sacrament of anointing sick 12 16c Socinians 14 1598-1606 soft goods - miagkaia rukhliad' 13 1584-98 sokh - plowland tax 14 1598-1606 sokha - measure (unit) of taxpaying plowland 45 1766-68 sokhna 07 15c sokolok (sokolkami) - falconet type artillery pieces relatin to regimental artillery (polkovyi razriad) 45 1766-68 solianyi sbor - salt tax 48 1772-74 Sorbs (Baltic Slav tribe) 01 9-11c sorcerer - znakhar' 06 1389-1462 sorok - forty (of sables) 26 1690s soslovie - estate (in the medieval sense of a social class) 45 1766-68 Sosoly - Finnic people 02 11-12c sosudy serdilikovye - utensils of Sardian stone 24 Sosva Ostiaks - regional ethnic subgroup 23 17c soul tax - podushnyi podat' 48 1772-74 Sound tolls 48 1772-74 South Slavs 45 1766-68 Southern Alliance 48 1772-74 Southwest, the 48 1772-74 sov - spear 04 13-14c Spaniards 24 Spanish Succession, War of the 35 1730s spear - sov 04 13-14c Specula - Zertsala or "Mirrors" 24 spiski - copies, variants (not lists) 06 1389-1462 Spori - division of Alans 01 9-11c spusk - funnel 12 16c Sretenie - Presentation of Our Lord, feast of (January 6) 25 1680s stake - advance to a new settler 06 1389-1462 stan - site, environs 06 1389-1462 standard - znamia 06 1389-1462 Starina - old customs, precedents or traditions 45 1766-68 staroobriadtsy - Old Ritualists, Old Believers 25 1680s starshii put' - rights of the senior 06 1389-1462 starshinstvo - seniority 06 1389-1462 staryi slavianskii iazyk - Old Slavic language 16 1613-34 State Council (Danish) 48 1772-74 state lands - chernye zemli 06 1389-1462 stateinyi spisok - official protocol 12 16c Statute (Voinsky ustav) Military Statute 29 18c statute of bound service - krepostnoi ustav 06 1389-1462 stavlennaia gramota - official protocol 12 16c Stepennaia kniga - Book of Degrees 35 1730s stiag - banner, standard 45 1766-68 stiazhateli - defenders of church/monasteries right to own land 45 1766-68 stikhari - surplices 08 15c stikhira - hymn 45 1766-68 stockade - ostrog 04 13-14c stoianie - the service celebrated on the Thursday before Palm Sunday 45 1766-68 stol - throne 45 1766-68 stole - barma (-y) 06 1389-1462 Stolbovo, peace of 15 1606-13 stone guard house - kamennaia budka 21 17c storage fees - sval'naia poshlina 13 1584-98 storehouse - klet' 06 1389-1462 storehouse - kliuchnitsa 06 1389-1462 storona - tract 06 1389-1462 storozhevoe - special collection, tax 06 1389-1462 strasti gospodni - Passion of Christ; Holy Thursday services; the twelve Passion gospels 06 1389-1462 strastnaia nedelia - Holy Week 16 1613-34 strastnaia subbota - Holy Saturday 18 16-17c street barriers - rogatochnye, rogatki 48 1772-74 strel'ba - salvo 20 17c striapnia - regalia 24 strigolniks - members of a rationalistic sect in Novgorod in 14c 07 15c Stroganov Chronicle 11 16c strongbox - iashchik 06 1389-1462 strongbox - kruzhka 18 16-17c strug - skiff, raft, longboat 12 16c sturgeon sweetbreads - tesha buluzh'ia 25 1680s sturgeon, gristle food - viaziga 25 1680s subcutaneous blood - krov' rozhechnaia 21 17c subsidy - pomoch' den'gami 13 1584-98 suburb - posad 15 1606-13 sud - court case, litigation, court ruling, a law, statute, court fine, condemnation, punishment, expiration (death) 06 1389-1462 sudebnik - Muscovite code of laws 07 15c sudebnitsa - court chamber 06 1389-1462 sudnaia gramota - rescript of laws, statutes, statute charter 06 1389-1462 sudovaia gruzovaia poshlina - tonnage rate 13 1584-98 sudovaia podelka - marine insurance 16 1613-34 sudovaia poshlina - ship taxes 13 1584-98 sugar wood - drevo sakharnoe 21 17c Sugdeans - Lithuanian tribe 01 9-11c sukhar' - dry crust of bread 45 1766-68 sukhotka - ataxia (disease) 06 1389-1462 sukno netianutoe - "unstretched" cloth; good quality 23 17c sulitsa - spear 06 1389-1462 Supernova of 1604 14 1598-1606 surety - poruka 16 1613-34 svadebnyi pod"em - wedding deposit 12 16c sval'naia poshlina - storage fees 13 1584-98 svat - father-in-law of son or daughter 02 12c svetlitsa - front room, parlor 12 16c svetloe voskresen'e - Palm Sunday 16 1613-34 sviataia nedelia - Holy Week 48 1772-74 sviataia voda - holy water 05 1389-1462 sviatki - Yuletide 26 1690s sviatoi - holy 45 1766-68 sviaz' - a complex 12 16c sviditel'stvo - eyewitness account, testimony 06 1389-1462 sviti - expensive jackets without sleeves 08 15c svod - confrontment (Vernadsky MRL) 01 9-11c svod - digest of chronicles or of laws 45 1766-68 Swabians 24 swaddling clothes - pelenki 13 1584-98 Swedes 06 1389-1462 Synopsis - by Innokenty (book) 24 sysknaia gramota - search warrant, investigation orders 23 17c szliachta rokosz - rebellion of the gentry (Poland) 45 1766-68 Taborites 24 Tadzhiks (Teziks) - Bactrian ethnic group 23 17c tafia - skullcap 45 1766-68 taking to the field - court-appointed duel 06 1389-1462 Tale of the Earthquake of 1460 06 1389-1462 Tale of the Grand Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, His Cousin Prince Vladimir Andreevich, and How They Defeated Their Enemy Tsar Mamay 06 1389-1462 Tale of the Honorable Life of Tsar Fedor Ivanovich (attributed to Patriarch Job) 14 1598-1606 Tale of Kitovras 06 1389-1462 Tale of Luka Kolotsky 06 1389-1462 Tale of the Miracle of St. Varlaam 06 1389-1462 Tale of the Wondrous Miracle of the Icon of the Blessed Mother of God, Which Is Called That of Vladimir 06 1389-1462 Tale of the Year 1606 - chronicle. 14 1598-1606 Tale of Tsarevich Mustafa 06 1389-1462 Tales of the Kingdom of Kazan 07 15c tallage - zaprosnye den'gi 16 1613-34 tamga - general customs duty; tribute paid in gold 06 1389-1462 tamga - tolls 15 1606-13 tamga - trade tax (except grains) on buyer & seller, excise duty 45 1766-68 tamozhannaia gramota - commercial ordinance 12 16c tamozhennye poshliny - customs duties 16 1613-34 tapkan(a) - unsprung carriage 45 1766-68 taran - battering ram 06 1389-1462 Tararui - the Braggard (Khovansky) 25 1680s tariff (in commerce) - poshlina 06 1389-1462 tarkhan, tarkhannaia gramote - charter of ecclesiatical immunity 15 1606-13 tarkhannaia gramota - charter of immunity 15 1606-13 Tatar khanates 10 16c Tatar tribute - vykhod 04 13-14c Tatars 07 15c tatin rubl' - fine for thievery 06 1389-1462 Tauri - tribe 01 9-11c tavern - kharcheva 17 1634-45 tax (fixed) - oklad 38 1745-48 tax exemption - l'gota 16 1613-34 tax farming charters - otkupnye gramoty 13 1584-98 taxation 24 taxes 07 15c tebenka - curved part of the saddle 06 1389-1462 telega - cart 45 1766-68 Teleuts - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c temnitsa - dungeon 13 1584-98 ten-percent tax - desiataia chast' 48 1772-74 tenth money - desiataia denga. Tax of tenth of income for military campaigns 25 1680s Terek Cossacks 14 1598-1606 terem - keep, tower court 01 9-11c terlik - short-sleeved caftan 06 1389-1462 tesark- broadsword, cutlass 45 1766-68 Teschen, treaty of (1779) 48 1772-74 tesha beluzh'ia - sturgeon sweetbreads 25 1680s testament - riad 04 13-14c Testament of the Prelate Matvey of Saray to His Children 06 1389-1462 Testament of Vladimir Monomakh 24 Teusen, treaty of 15 1606-13 Thessagetae - tribe 01 9-11c The Tale of Savva 24 Thirteen Years War 20 17c Thirty Years War 15 1606-13 Thracians - Fraki 01 9-11c Thuringians 24 tiaglo - the fiscal, service and labor obligations imposed on a tax-paying citizen by the government 45 1766-68 tiagost' - authority; burden, hardship 06 1389-1462 tianut' (verb) - pertain, be subordinate to, belong to 06 1389-1462 tiara worn by married women - kichka 06 1389-1462 Time of Troubles, the Troubles 14 1598-1606 Timurid dynasty 48 1772-74 tithe - blagoslovennaia kunitsa 12 16c titles, dispute over 15 1606-13 tiufiaki - artillery for small shot 08 15c Tivertsi - tribe 01 9-11c tocsin - nabat, nabatnyi kolokol 15 1606-13 tolka - assistance (given by peasants or neighbors) in farm work 45 1766-68 tolls - proezzhie poshliny 17 1634-45 tolls - tamga 15 1606-13 toloka - pasture land, virgin soil 12 16c tolokno - oat flour 45 1766-68 tonnage rate - sudovaia gruzovaia poshlina 13 1584-98 topor - axe, hatchet 45 1766-68 torgovye poshliny - commercial duties 13 1584-98 Torgovyi ustav 1765 - Commercial Code of 1765 45 1766-68 Torks - tribe 01 9-11c torusitskie - honey farms 07 15c torzhestvennaia audientsiia - formal audience 18 16-17c torzhestvennik - book of texts for holy days 18 16-17c torzhishche - trade center 06 1389-1462 tour of duty - sluzhba 16 1613-34 tower - koster 06 1389-1462 town elders - gorodovye starosty 15 1606-13 town government 08 15c toys - galanochki 18 17c transit duties - poshliny otvoznye 17 1634-45 trapeze - refectory 18 16-17c travel permit - proezzhaia gramota 15 1606-13 travel stipend - ezd 12 16c Travendal, Peace of 26 1690s travlia - mêlée 13 1584-98 Treasury 08 15c treasury money (public funds) - kazannye den'gi 12 16c Treaty of Prut 34 1730s Treaty of Seville 34 1730s Treaty of Vienna 34 1730s trebnik - church service book, prayerbook 06 1389-1462 tretnoye (zhalovanie) - 1/3 of the year; thirds 37 1741-44 triasavitsa - the shakes; chills and fever 06 1389-1462 tribute - dan' 13 1584-98 tribute - garach 23 17c tribute, Tatar - vykhod 24 Tridentinskii Sobor - Council of Trent 11 16c Trinity Day 24 triod' - prayer book 06 1389-1462 trioda - servicebook 18 16-17c troeperstie - using a hand to make the sign of the cross 45 1766-68 Troitsa - Pentecost, Whitsunday, Trinity Sunday (movable feast) 06 1389-1462 Troitsyn den' - feast of Holy Trinity (Day) 24 trophy - saigat 04 13-14c truby - trumpets 16 1613-34 Truce of Polianovka 06 1389-1462 trudovoe pravo - toiler's right 45 1766-68 trumpets - truby 16 1613-34 trut, trutnik - tinder fungus 06 1389-1462 tsar's letter of clemency - milostivaia tsarskaia gramota 21 17c tsar's tithe - desiatiny, desiatinnaia pashnia 17 1634-45 Tsar's tower 08 15c tsarskii - use "the tsar's" - not "tsarist" tsarskoe zhalovan'e - tsar's allowance 25 1680s tsata - small coin (dinar); when on icon, semicircular ornament 06 1389-1462 tsekh - artisan guild (west russia) 45 1766-68 tsekhi - craft guilds 48 1772-74 tserkovnoe pravilo - canonical collections, nomocanon 06 1389-1462 tshan kozhevnichii - vat for tanning 06 1389-1462 tsren - salt pan 12 16c Tsvetnaia trioda - Colored Troode (book) 14 1598-1606 tsynsha - quitrent in Lithuania 12 16c Tubin(tsy) -Turkic people on lower Triba river 25 1680s Tula inhabitants - Tuliane 10 16c Tuliane - Tula inhabitants 10 16c Tungus 29 18c tur - gabion 06 1389-1462 turban - chalma 18 16-17c Turkish-style daggers - nozhi tulunbasy 17 1634-45 Turks 06 1389-1462 turncoat - peremetchik 04 13-14c Turpei - tribe 09 16c tury - gabions 16 1613-34 Tushimo Brigand - tsar, tsarlet 15 1606-13 Tushinites - tushintsy 15 1606-13 Tushino Poles 15 1606-13 Tushino Russians 15 1606-13 Tushintsy - Tushinites 15 1606-13 Tver Chronicle 06 1389-1462 tverdynia - stronghold 45 1766-68 tyn - fence 45 1766-68 ubrus - kerchief, shawl 45 1766-68 ubytok - legal fees, court costs 12 16c uchug - fish (esp. salmon) traps 37 1741-44 ugovor - compact, persuasion 06 1389-1462 Ugrians - tribe 01 9-11c ukaznaia gramota - ordinance 12 16c Ukraina - borderland 45 1766-68 Ukrainnik - inhabitant of a borderland, frontiersman 45 1766-68 Ukrainskaia linia - Ukrainian Line; built by Peter I connecting the Dnieper and Donets. Completed 1738 35 1730s ukreplenie - fortification 15 1606-13 ukryvatelstvo - receiving stolen goods, harboring deserters/fugitive 37 1741-44 Ulichi (Uglichi) - tribe 01 9-11c ulitsa - street; street commune (novgorod) 45 1766-68 ulozhen'e - canon (list of saints) 17 1634-45 ulozhenie - code of laws 35 1730s ulus - a Tatar nomad tent village, encampment 13 1584-98 unassessed levies - neokladnye dokhody 25 1680s under arrest - za pristavami 13 1584-98 unfrocking - nizverzhenie iz san 18 16-17c Uniates 35 1730s Uniia - the (church) Union 20 17c Union of Brest 24 Union of Krewo 15 1606-13 Union of Lublin 24 Unitarians 14 1598-1606 universal - a circular used to publish news or regulations 20 17c unleavened bread - kvasnyi khleb 18 16-17c unleavened communion wafers - opresnoki 18 16-17c unloading duties - poshlina sval'naia 13 1584-98 unprecedented, unheard of - neznaemyi 06 1389-1462 Uralian (Uralic) languages - language family 23 17c uravnitelnyi sbor - equalized levy 37 1741-44 uraziti (verb) - to strike and wound, defeat 06 1389-1462 urban insurrections 24 uriad - rank 12 16c urochnye leta - free years 15 1606-13 urok - levy, allotment 06 1389-1462 ushkui - flat-bottomed boat with sails and oars 06 1389-1462 ushkuiniki - raiders 06 1389-1462 ustav. See code, statute 35 1730s ustav ratnykh del - military manual, regulations 15 1606-13 ustavnye gramoty - statute charters 45 1766-68 utverzhdennaia gramota - confirmatory charter 16 1613-34 uvech'e - injury or maiming, and compensation fine 12 16c uzel - amulet 06 1389-1462 uzolki - small knots used as seals 12 16c v rostakh - at usurious rates 06 1389-1462 v roznitsu - retail 16 1613-34 v rugu - mantenance or support of parish clergy 06 1389-1462 v shest' kiev - kii is a rod, cane, stick 12 16c v stanu - to put up fifty rubles; do something without fail 06 1389-1462 v zaklad - as hostages 13 1584-98 v"ezdnoe - installation tax (ecclesiastical) 06 1389-1462 vaghnoy - a type of root 45 1766-68 val - wall, rampart 45 1766-68 validation charter - dokladnaia gramota 12 16c vandysh - sparling or European smelt 12 16c Variag(i) - Varangian(s) 01 9-11c Variagi-rusi - Varangian Rus 35 1730s varnitsa - saltworks 06 1389-1462 Vasiliologion - list of rulers 24 vatagi - groups of hunters or fishermen 06 1389-1462 veal - dietary prohibition among Muscovites 15 1606-13 vecherni - vespers 25 1680s vechernia - vespers, vespertide 45 1766-68 vechnye gramoty - charters enacted by the veche (Novgorod) assembly 45 1766-68 vechnyi mir - permanent ("eternal") peace 13 1584-98 vedomosti - newspapers; news, transaction 35 1730s vedomstvo - agency, bureau 24 veksel' - letter of exchange 37 1741-44 velik den' - Easter Sunday 06 1389-1462 velikii nakaz - Great Nakaz - Catherine's instruction of 1767 48 1772-74 Velikopoliane - the Great Poles, Poland 08 15c venality - korystoliubie 06 1389-1462 venechnoe znamia - marriage certificate 12 16c Venedi (Wends) 01 9-11c Venetians 06 1389-1462 veno - a husband's property given to widow as compensation for dowry 07 15c veno - marriage settlement, bride price 12 16c veno - portion of land (Lith) 45 1766-68 venous blood - krov' zhil'naia 21 17c venovaia zapis' - dowry contract 15 1606-13 ventsi nozhenie - bridal crown tax (of new brides); actually wedding crowns 45 1766-68 Venus, Transit of - astronomical phenomenon 48 1772-74 verbnaia nedelia - Holy Week 02 12c verbnoe voskresen'e - Palm Sunday 24 verii - "praise" 45 1766-68 vernaia sluzhba - system of collection of liquor and customs taxes by sworn officials begun 1681 25 1680s verouchenie - dogma 18 16-17c vertoglavyi - frivolous, fickle 23 17c ves' - Yatviag village 04 13-14c veschee - weighing fee 06 1389-1462 vespers - vechernia 25 1680s vestry church 08 15c Vguly - Voguls 07 15c viachshii (adj.) - powerful (also viashchii) 06 1389-1462 Viatchane - Viatka inhabitants 10 16c Viatichi - tribe 01 9-11c Viatka inhabitants - Viatchane 10 16c viazchaia - fee for tying up (apprehending) criminal 06 1389-1462 viaziga - sturgeon, gristle food 25 1680s vigil - bdenie 18 16-17c vira (bloodwite) - fine payable to a prince for murder 45 1766-68 vira dikaia - fines 45 1766-68 virgin bread - bogorodichnyi khleb 11 16c Virgin of Smolensk - icon 14 1598-1606 Virgin of Vladimir - icon 14 1598-1606 "Virgin's labor" - polog bogoroditsy 18 16-17c Visigoths 24 vitiistvo - oratory 23 17c vitriol - kuporos 21 17c vkladchik - donor (to monastery) 17 1634-45 vkladnaia gramota - memorial request 12 16c Vladimir-Rostov Chronicle 06 1389-1462 vladychnyi stiag - bishop's banner 45 1766-68 vlaznoe - subsistence payment by new prisoners to jailors 25 1680s vnutrennie tamozhni - domestic tariffs, excise taxes 12 16c Vod - northern Finnic tribe 02 12c vodka naryzzhovaia - type of spirits 23 17c vodka tax 48 1772-74 voennye artikuly - Articles of War 37 1741-44 Vogulichi - Voguls 45 1766-68 Voguls. See Mansi 14 1598-1606 voinskaia potekha - war game 14 1598-1606 voinskii ustav - Military Regulations (Statute not preferred) 37 1741-44 vol'nost' - privilege 06 1389-1462 Volga Cossacks 35 1730s Volhynian Chronicle 06 1389-1462 volia - liberty 20 17c volok - field 12 16c volok - portage 45 1766-68 voloka - plowland 12 16c volokita - delay 12 16c voluntary bondage - dobrovol'noe kholopstvo 15 1606-13 vorongrai - augury 12 16c Vostok - east (direction); East (region, culture, people) 24 Votiaks - Finnic people 29 18c votola sazhennaia - cloak with precious stones 06 1389-1462 Vozdvizhenie Khrista Gospodina - elevation of the Cross of Our Lord, feast 25 1680s Vozhanians, tribe 06 1389-1462 voznye (vvoznye) - customs duty on foreign goods 06 1389-1462 vstupat'sia (verb) - to intrude (on territory) 06 1389-1462 vyboiki - crude cotton prints 17 1634-45 vydacha golovoiu - extradition of the culpable to the man offended 45 1766-68 vykhod - tribute (to the Tatars) 45 1766-68 vylazka - sally, sortie 20 17c vypis - a document, especially an extract from a longer document 45 1766-68 vysha - pier 35 1730s vyt - a tax assessment unit of land = to between 65 and 81 acres 45 1766-68 vyt - part, fate (dopravliat vyt = collect (debts) from someone) 37 1741-44 vyt ne tselaia - partial plowland levy 12 16c vyvoz - exportation 45 1766-68 vzgon - forced levy of men (to perform particular task) 06 1389-1462 vziat' na shchit - plunder 02 12c wall - val 48 1772-74 wall-eye - bel'mo 21 17c Wallachians 10 16c walrus tusk (lit. "fish bone") - kost' rybaia 23 17c war club - oslop 06 1389-1462 War of Spanish Succession 48 1772-74 War of the Austrian Succession 48 1772-74 War of the Bavarian Succession 48 1772-74 wash house - portomoin' 18 16-17c wedding feast - kasha 06 1389-1462 weighing fee - pod"emnaia poshlina 13 1584-98 weighing fee - pud, pudovaia 06 1389-1462 Wends (Venedi) 01 9-11c Westminster, Treaty of 48 1772-74 Westphalia, Peace of 48 1772-74 White Kalmyks - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c White Russia 48 1772-74 White Wall, quarter - Belyi gorod 48 1772-74 Wild bloodwite - dikaia vira 01 9-11c Wild Lop 08 15c Wilmanstrand - Russian fortress 48 1772-74 wise man, wise elder - znakhar' 06 1389-1462 word of pardon - milostivoe slovo 21 17c women's quarters - terem 24 writs - listy 23 17c Yaik Cossacks 15 1606-13 yakhont - corundum; rubies and sapphires 23 17c Yakuts 29 18c yarlyk - a Mongol tax 45 1766-68 yarlyk -Tatar charter usually for immunities or privileges, patent 08 15c Yastyns - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c Yasy - people 01 9-11c Yatviags - nation 01 9-11c Yazygi - nation 01 9-11c Yazyk - tribe 45 1766-68 Yedichkuly Tatars 46 1768-70 Yugorians - Siberian nomadic people 11 16c Yugra, tribe 06 1389-1462 Yugrians - tribe 09 18c Yukagirs - Siberian ethnic group 23 17c Yunosti chestnoe zertsalo - Youth's Honest Mirror 35 1730s Yuriev inhabitants - yurievtsy 10 16c Yurievtsy - Yuriev inhabitants 10 16c yurt - Tatar dwelling 04 13-14c za pristavami - under arrest 13 1584-98 zabrala (zabralo) - parapet 06 1389-1462 zadei - zodiac 12 16c zaemnoe delo - debt 12 16c zaezd - ecclesiastical tax 06 1389-1462 zaezd - overriding, jumping rank 06 1389-1462 zaezd - visitation tax 12 16c zagovenia - fast eve (last day to eat meat before an Orthodox fast) 45 1766-68 zaiezdnich - payments from populace for visiting church prelates 08 15c zaimka - right of occupancy 45 1766-68 zaimshchik - lien 48 1772-74 zakaz - command 48 1772-74 zaklad - mortgage, pledge 45 17c zakladnaia kabala - mortgage contract 15 1606-13 zakladnichestvo - pledged dependence (state of having pledged one self into dependenceupon another), legal condition 24 zalog - pledge 15 1606-13 zalozhit' (verb) - put up as collateral 06 1389-1462 zámok - castle 13 1584-98 zamytnaia poshlina - city taxes 13 1584-98 zapal - fuse, primer 45 1766-68 zapfa - trunnions 45 1766-68 zapis' - subpoena 12 16c zapis' v platezhe deneg - promissory note 16 1613-34 zapona - pendant 17 1634-45 zapornyi nevod - seine nets 12 16c Zaporozhian Cossacks 34 1730s zapovednye leta - forbidden years 14 16c zapovednye tovary - contraband 13 1584-98 zaprosnye den'gi - tallage 16 1613-34 zaruchnaia (bumaga) - signed (document) 37 1741-44 zasek - abatis 12 16c zastava - checkpoint 18 16-17c zastavy - picket gates 26 1690s zaupokoinaia - requiem mass 18 16-17c zautreni(a) - matins 25 17c zaveshchanie - testament 35 1730s zavolzhskie startsy - trans-Volga hermits 45 1766-68 zazivnich - collections for other invited guests 08 15c zemlia - land 45 1766-68 zemshchina - Land domains, domains of the Land zemskie povinnosti - corvées 13 1584-98 zemskoe delo - affairs of the land, realm, i.e. of the nation 45 1766-68 zenden - silken cloth 17 1634-45 zershiki - dice players 24 zertsalo - metal armor composed of two halves for protection of chest and shoulders 24 zertsalo - official seal (épaulière) 45 1766-68 zgadets - agreement 06 1389-1462 zhalovan'e - grant; salary 45 1766-68 zhalovan'e - kindness, graciousness 06 1389-1462 zhalovannaia gramota - charter 37 1741-44 zhalovannaia gramota - letters patent 20 17c Zhemaits - Lithuanian tribe. Use Zhmud 04 13-14c zhemchug - pearls 06 1389-1462 zhena - woman, wife 45 1766-68 zhezl - baton 24 Zhezl pravlenii - The Scepter of Government, by Simeon Polotsky 25 1680s zhilye liudi - elders 06 1389-1462 zhivot - life (in Modern Russian, belly) 45 1766-68 zhivoty i promysky - wealth and income (usually referring to taxation) 24 Zhukov aff