CONTENTS

Preface viii

Introduction xii

1 THE YEAR 1929

Party Dominates Academy of Sciences. News Report. 17 January 1929 1

Krupskaia's Courageous Article against Rapid and Forced Collectivization.

20 January 1929 3

Bukharin Criticizes Stalin's Policies. 24 January 1929 6

Soviet-German Agreement on Conciliation Commission. 25 January 1929 18

Stalin Criticizes the Bukharin Group and Recommends Punishment. Late

January 1929 20

Party Resolution. Party Condemns Bukharin Group. 9 February 1929 23

Trotsky Defends His Actions and Blames Stalin for Exile. Letter to Workers.

29 March 1929 30

Decree. State Increases Control Over Religion. 8 April 1929 33

Stalin Attacks Bukharin and His Group. 22 April 1929 40

Party Resolution. Party Plenum Censures Bukharin's Group and Takes

Measures to Prevent Deviation from the Party Line. 23 April 1929 84

Party Resolution. Sixteenth Party Conference Approves Five Year Plan

for Rapid Development of National Economy 25 April 1929 89

Party Resolution. Party Initiates Second Purge. 29 April 1929 94

Party Reorients Work of Trade Unions through Resolution on Socialist

Competition. 9 May 1929 100

Decree. Machine Tractor Stations as Major Force in Collectivization.

5 June 1929 102

Militant Godless League Reinvigorated. E.M. Iaroslavsky's Speech at

Second All-Union Congress. 11 June 1929 103

First Formal Soviet View of Modern Warfare. 21 June 1929 107

Order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR. 107

Field Service Regulations of 1929, First Section, Chapter I. 108

Decree. Soviet Government Empowers Local Collective Farms with

Executive Powers. 21 June 1929 112

Mikoian, Bread Rationing Introduced. 27 June 1929 114

Soviet Government Warns of Consequences Following Chinese Raid and

Seizure of Chinese Eastern Railway. 13 July 1929 116

Party Resolution. Party Considers Military Forces Stable and Moving

Toward Modernization. 15 July 1929 120

Decree. Sundays Eliminated and the Continuous Work Week Introduced.

26 August 1929 122

Party Resolution. Party Establishes One-Man Management in Industry.

5 September 1929 124

Stalin Launches Socialist Offensive against Capitalist Elements: "Year of

the Great Change." 3 November 1929 128

Soviet Military Forces Launch Successful Counterattack against Chinese

Forces in Manchuria. Press Communique. 17 November 1929 135

Party Resolution. Party Plenum Calls for Decisive Offensive against Kulaks.

17 November 1929 136

Party Plenum Approves Collectivization and Industrialization Goals and

Removes Bukharin from Politburo. Newspaper Summary.

18 November 1929 144

Litvinov Reports That USSR Maintained International Position.

4 December 1929 147

Decree. Party Central Committee Establishes the Enterprise as Basic Unit of

Industrial Management. 5 December 1929 164

Decree. Central Executive Committee Unifies and Centralizes Agricultural

Affairs. 7 December 1929 169

The Shock Brigade Movement. First Congress. 7 December 1929 171

Resumption of Anglo-Soviet Relations. Exchange of Notes. 20 December 1929 172

Pravda Glorifies Stalin on His Fiftieth Birthday. 21 December 1929 174

Stalin, Liquidation of the Kulak as a Class. 27 December 1929 175

2 THE YEAR 1930

Party Central Committee Resolution on Increasing Rate of Collectivization.

5 January 1930 189

Decree on Harsh Measures against Kulaks. 1 February 1930 191

Stalin Encourages Further Extension of Collectivization. 9 February 1930 192

Collectivization and Liquidation of the Kulak in the Countryside.

12-19 February 1930 195

On the Liquidation of the Kulak as a Class. Top Secret Letter.

12 February 1930 195

Top Secret Minutes of Session of Okrug Troika. 19 February 1930 198

Stalin, "Dizzy With Success." 2 March 1930 199

Party Resolution. Party Central Committee Formalizes Modified

Collectivization Policy. 10 March 1930 203

Stalin Rallies Troops for Collectivization and against Kulaks. 3 April 1930 205

Law on State Concentration Camps. 7 April 1930 217

Maiakovsky's Suicide Letter. 12 April 1930 222

Reaffirmation of 1926 Treaty of Berlin. Joint Soviet-German Statement.

13 June 1930 223

Stalin's Optimistic Report to Sixteenth Party Congress. 27 June 1930 224

Stalin Triumphs at Sixteenth Party Congress. Observation by Louis Fischer.

22 July 1930 280

Elimination of Vestiges of Peasant Control in the Countryside.

23-30 July 1930 284

Decree. On the Liquidation of the Okrugs. 23 July 1930. 284

Party Resolution. On the Reorganization of the Kolkhoz and Cooperative

System. 30 July 1930 286

Litvinov Becomes People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs. Press Statement.

25 July 1930 288

Party Resolution. Introduction of Compulsory Education. 25 July 1930 290

Decree on Change from Economic to Calendar Year. 20 September 1930 292

Decree on Measures to Meet Labor Shortage. 9 October 1930 293

The Syrtsov-Lominadze Plot. Decision by Moscow Party Committee.

12 November 1930 294

Maxim Gorky Declares Civil War Against Kulaks and Other Capitalist

Enemies. 15 November 1930 296

The Industrial Party Show Trial. Court Verdict. 8 December 1930 298

Party Resolution. Party Calls for Acceleration of Five Year Plan in 1931.

17-21 December 1930 312

3 THE YEAR 1931

USSR Criticizes Disarmament Conference. Note to Foreign Governments.

12 January 1931 317

Party Resoluton. Magnitogorsk as Symbol of Five Year Plan. 25 January 1931 318

Stalin, Five Year Plan in Three Years. 4 February 1931 322

Menshevik Party Show Trial. Court Verdict. 10 March 1931 327

Litvinov on the World Economic Crisis and the European Union. Geneva,

18 May 1931 332

GlavlitModification of Censorship Statute of 6 June 1922. 6 June 1931 340

Stalin Rehabilitates Specialists and Calls for Wage Differentiation.

23 June 1931 342

Extension of Soviet-German Agreement of 1926. Joint Protocol. 24 June 1931 354

Party Resolution. Party Central Committee Calls for Further Increase in

Collectivization. 2 August 1931 355

Party Resolution. Party Dictates Policy for Primary and Secondary Schools.

25 August 1931 356

Stalin Dictates Party History. Letter to Journal "Proletarskaia Revoliutsiia."

6 November 1931 362

Soviet Government Gives Muted Response to Japanese Occupation of

Manchuria. 14-20 November 1931 370

Statement by Litvinov to the Japanese Ambassador in Moscow on the

Soviet Attitude to the Situation in Manchuria. 14 November 1931 370

Reply by Litvinov to the Japanese Ambassador's Statement on the

Transport of Chinese Troops on the Chinese Eastern Railway.

20 November 1931 371

Stalin Reveals Personal Views and Past With German Biographer, Emil

Ludwig. 13 December 1931 373

Documents by Main Topics 381

Glossary 387

Sources Cited 391

Acknowledgements 392

Permissions 392

Indexes 393

Index of Personal Names 393

Index of Subjects 395

Index of Institutions 401

Index of Geographic and Place Names 403