Academic International Press

Russia & Eurasia Facts & Figures Annual (REFFA)

(Formerly USSR Facts Figures Annual (UFFA))

REFFA/UFFA Contents Volume 1 UFFA (1977) Volume 2 UFFA (1978) Volume 3 UFFA (1979) Volume 4 UFFA (1980) Volume 5 UFFA (1981) Volume 6 UFFA (1982) Volume 7 UFFA (1983) Volume 8 UFFA (1984) Volume 9 UFFA (1985) Volume 10 UFFA (1986) Volume 11 UFFA (1987) Volume 12 UFFA (1988) Volume 13 UFFA (1989) Volume 14 UFFA (1990) Volume 15 UFFA (1991) Volume 17 UFFA (1992) Volume 18 REFFA (1993) Volume 19 REFFA (1994) Volume 20 REFFA (1995) Volume 21 REFFA (1996)   Back to Russia & Eurasia Facts & Figures Annual (REFFA). Back to Russia / Soviet Union / Eurasia. Back to AIP Home Page.

UFFA Volume 10 Contents   I INTRODUCTION 1 II GOVERNMENT USSR Council of Ministers, Chairmen and Deputy Chairmen of the USSR Supreme Soviet, and Chairmen of Republic Councils of Ministers 13 Government News, 1984 17 Elections to the Supreme Soviets of the Union Republics, Autonomous Republics, and Local Councils of People's Deputies, 24 Feb 1985 17 Elections to the Supreme Soviets of Union Republics, 24 Feb 1985 18 Elections to the Supreme Soviets of Autonomous Republics 18 Elections to Local Soviets of People's Deputies 19 Deputies Elected by Categories 20 Administrative-Territorial Units by Union Republics 22 Decree on Drunkenness of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet 23 III FOREIGN AFFAIRS Soviet Ambassadors 25 Communist Representation in Middle America as of August 7, 1984 28 Communist Representation in South America as of August 7, 1984 29 US-USSR Summit Meetings 30 Soviet Representatives in the US, 1985 30 USSR-China Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation (1985) 30 Soviet-Chinese Cooperation Commission (1985) 31 Chinese-Soviet Agreement of Scientific Cooperation (1985) 32 Soviet Union, East and South Asia (map) 34 IV COMMUNIST PARTY Party News, 1985 36 Oblast First Secretaries 37 V DEMOGRAPHY Demographic News, 1985 38 Vital Statistics by Years 39 Birth Rates by Regions, 1983 39 Longevity Index by Selected Republics 39 Divorces by Major Cities, 1982 39 Deaths Per 1,000 Population, 1940-83, Selected Years 40 VI ARMED FORCES Leading Personnel in the USSR Ministry of Defense 41 Missile Developments, 1985 43 Changes in Structure of Soviet Triad 44 US-Soviet Strategic Arms: Modernity Compared 45 US and Soviet Quantitative Superiorities, 1 Jan 1980, 1985 46 Soviet Count of SSBNs Launchers and Warheads, 1960-84 48 US and Soviet Strategic Nuclear Postures Declaratory Doctrines and Forces 48 Strategic Offensive Recapitulation 50 Ground Forces, Armor and Other Developments, 1985 52 Maneuvers, 1985 54 Division Characteristics 55 NATO/Warsaw Pact TNF Recapitulation, 1 Jan 1985 56 Soviet Ground Combat System Characteristics 58 Major Warsaw Pact Maneuvers, 1975-83 59 Afghanistan 60 Lasers and Space Weapons 62 Ballistic-Missile Radar 63 Ballistic Missile Early Warning, Target Tracking, and Battle Management 64 Air Force and Air Defense Force Developments, 1985 65 Interceptors and Surveillance Aircraft 66 Naval Developments, 1985 68 Soviet Warship Port Visits, 1985 69 Weapons Production Rates, 1980-84 70 Key Estimated Direct and Indirect Soviet Deliveries to Military Procurement by Key Industries, 1982 71 Linkage of Soviet Systems with Technology Targets 72 Average Annual Growth Rates of Soviet Defense Expenditures 74 Key Western Technology Targets of the Soviet Military 74 Military Significance of Soviet Attempts to Acquire Western Technology in 79 Cases 75 VII ECONOMY Economic News, 1985 76 USSR: Percent Distribution of Gross National Product at Factor Cost by End Use 80 USSR: Growth of Gross National Product at Factor Cost, by End Use 80 USSR: Gross Fixed Capital Investment, by Function and by Sector 81 USSR: Aggregate Factor Productivity 82 USSR: Industrial Factor Productivity 83 USSR: Industrial Production, by Branch of Industry 84 Major Indices of 1986 Plan 85 Summary of the 1985 Draft of the Economic and Social Guidelines for 1986-90 and Through the Year 2000 85 Major Indices of Performance, 1985 88 A Comparison of Major Commodities Produced by Quarters, 1984 and 1985 88 Average Annual Percentage Growth in New Fixed Investment, 1981-85 89 USSR: Growth of Industrial Output 89 Growth of Industrial Output in Territorial-Production Complexes, 1981-84 90 Percentage Increases of Industrial Production and Labor Productivity, 1985 90 Average Annual Rates of GNP Growth 90 Industrial Production in Physical Terms by Quarters, 1985 90 Summary of the Comprehensive Program for the Development of Consumer Goods, 1986-2000 92 Estimated Value of Alcoholic Beverages Sold Through the Retail Trade Network 96 VIII ENERGY Energy Developments, 1985 97 Nuclear Power Developments, 1985 97 Oil Developments, 1985 98 Imports of Soviet Oil by Eastern Europe, 1983 102 Western and Soviet Oil Reserve Classifications 103 Growth in the Production of Oil in Kazakhstan 104 USSR: Oil and Natural Gas Production/Apparent Consumption 105 USSR: Regional Production of Crude Oil 106 USSR: Regional Production of Natural Gas 106 USSR: Imports of Oil 107 Eastern Europe: Oil Production and Consumption 107 USSR: Exports of Oil 108 USSR: Natural Gas Trade 109 Gas Developments, 1985 110 Drilling for Oil and Gas 111 Length of Pipeline Network, Volume of Oil and Gas Transported by Pipeline, and Production 112 Coal Developments, 1985 113 Metallurgical or Coking Coal Production by Basin 113 Coal Production by Basin 114 Thermal and Hydroelectric Power Developments, 1985 115 Solar Power 116 Production of Electricity by Republics, 1984 116 Fuel as a Percentage of Soviet Exports, 1980-83 117 Thermal Power Plants 1,000 MW or Larger, 1 Jan 1984 118 Principal Hydroelectric Power Stations, 1984 120 IX INDUSTRIES Capital Investment by Branches of Industry 124 Capital Investment in Plants, 1980-83 125 Computer News 125 Iron and Steel Industries 126 Aluminum Industry 126 Machine-Building Industry 127 Machine Tools Produced with Numerically-Programmed Controls 127 Percentage of Gross Output of State and Cooperative Industry by Branches 128 Ranking of Republics by Growth of Industrial Production, the Means of Production ("A"), and the Production of Consumer Goods ("B"), 1970-83 128 Growth of the Chemical and Petrochemical Industries, 1950-83 129 Chemical and Petrochemical Industry News 130 Chromite Production and Exports 130 Technological Balance 130 Evacuation of Plants, Jul-Dec 1941 133 X AGRICULTURE Agricultural News, 1985 134 Agricultural Summary, 1985 137 Deliveries of Mineral Fertilizer to Agriculture, USSR, by Types, 1940-83 138 Production of Fodder Crops, 1960-1983 138 Development of the Non-Black-Earth Zone of the RSFSR, 1976-84, 1986-90 139 USSR Grain Area, Yield, and Production 1975-1980, 1981-1983 (Preliminary), 1984 (Estimate) and 1985 (Forecast) 140 Comparison of Arable Land in the USSR and the US 141 Average Monthly Wage at Sovkhozy (State Farms), Kolkhozy (Collective Farms), and Industry (rubles) 141 Collective Farm Investment, Loans, and Debts, 1965-83 142 Annual Average Number of Attached Workers from Other Enterprises and Organizations, 1950-83 142 Production of the Food Sectors of the Agro-Industrial Complex, 1985 143 USSR Wheat Imports 143 USSR Coarse Grain Imports 144 US-USSR Grain Trade, 1976-77-1984/85 144 USSR Agricultural Trade, 1981-83 145 Fishing News, 1985 148 Timber Developments 148 XI FOREIGN TRADE AND AID Trade and Aid Developments, 1985 149 Soviet Exports 151 Soviet Imports 152 Soviet Foreign Trade by Groups of Countries 153 Soviet Foreign Trade by Countries 153 Structure of Soviet Trade, 1983-84 159 Percentage of Soviet Trade by Groups of Countries 159 USSR: Hard Currency Trade, by Commodity 160 USSR: Hard Currency Trade with Non-Communist Countries, 1983-84 161 USSR: Hard Currency Balance of Payments 162 USSR: Hard Currency Debt to the West 162 Distribution of Foreign Trade by CMEA Countries, 1983 163 Percentage of Total CMEA Trade by Members 164 Soviet-Afghan Trade, 1978-84 165 Soviet Trade with India by Major Commodities, 1960-84 166 Soviet Trade with Nicaragua by Major Products, 1980-84 167 Number of Soviet Trade Representatives Abroad 167 Exports of Non-Metallics 168 Value and Volume of Soviet Exports of Vodka to the US, 1978-83 169 Soviet Iron-Ore Exports, 1960-83 170 Communist Economic Aid to Less Developed Countries, Extensions and Drawings 171 Communist Military Aid to Less Developed Countries, Extensions and Drawings 172 Soviet Economic Aid Extended to Communist Countries 172 USSR: Economic Assistance to Cuba 173 Soviet Economic Aid Extended to Less Developed Countries, by Recipient 174 Soviet Aid Developments 175 Soviet Economic Aid by Countries, 1985 176 Soviet Military Aid by Countries, 1985 178 Soviet Military Deliveries to Cuba 181 Soviet-Bloc Military Deliveries to Nicaragua 182 Deliveries to Nicaragua 182 Arms Exports Market Share, 1963-84 183 Value of Arms Transfers, Cumulative 1979-83, by Major Supplier and Recipient Country 184 Number of Arms Delivered, Cumulative 1979-83, by Selected Supplier, Recipient Developing Region, and Major Weapon Type 194 Military Personnel from the Less Developed Countries Trained in Communist Countries, 1955-84 202 Military Personnel from the Less Developed Countries Trained in Communist Countries, 1984 203 Communist Economic and Military Technicians in Less Developed Countries, by Country, 1984 204 Academic, Technical, and Military Trainees Departing from Less Developed Countries for Training in Communist Countries, by Area of Destination 206 Conventional Arms Transfers to the Third World, 1977-84 207 Conventional Arms Transfer Agreements with the Third World, 1977-84 219 Conventional Arms Deliveries to the Third World, 1977-84 225 Soviet Arms Agreements and Deliveries, 1977-1984, Current Dollars 227 Soviet Arms Agreements and Deliveries, 1977-1984, Constant Dollars 228 XII SCIENCE Developments in Science, 1985 229 Soviet Earth-Science Institutions 231 Research and Development 232 Total Number of Discoveries Entered into the State Register of Discoveries of the USSR 235 Index of International Cooperative Research, US and USSR, 1973-80 236 Percentage of Jews Among Scientific Workers, 1950-75 236 First Degrees Conferred by Higher Educational Institutions by Major Fields, US and USSR, 1960-80 237 US Use of Other Nations' Research Literature Compared to All Foreign Usage by Field, 1973, 1980 238 XIII TRANSPORTATION Transportation News, 1985 240 Transportation Summary, 1985 241 Growth Rates in Transportation During the 12th Five Year Plan, 1986-90 241 Percentage of Total Freight Turnover by Types of Transportation 241 Average Length of Haul by Type of Transportation 242 Traffic Accidents in Belorussia 242 Railway Developments, 1985 242 Map of the Baikal-Amur Mainline and the Trans-Siberian Railway 244 Operational Railway Lines in the USSR by Republics, 1975, 1980-83 245 Hard-Surfaced Road Construction, by Republics 245 Length of Operational Railway Lines Built, by Republics 245 Shipping News, 1985 246 Composition of US and Soviet Merchant Marines 247 River Freight by Republics, 1980, 1983 248 Airline News, 1985 248 Soviet Aircraft Accidents, 1985 249 Ruslan AN-124 Transport Plane 249 Moscow Metro 250 XIV CULTURE AND COMMUNICATIONS Cultural Developments, 1985 251 Soviet Cultural Exchanges with the West, 1975-84 252 Art News, 1985 257 Major Russian Art Exhibits, 1985-87 258 Soviet Television, 1985 259 Soviet Television Programming, 20 May 1985 260 Concerts Organized by the State Philharmonic of Various Republics, 1982 261 Concerts 261 Soviet Television Exchanges with the West, 1975-84 261 Films, 1985 263 Publishing News, 1985 265 Journalism 266 Telephones 266 XV HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE Medical Developments, 1985 267 HEW Summary, 1985 269 Medical Personnel and Facilities by Cities, 1983 270 Alcoholism in Estonia 272 Educational Developments, 1985 272 Percentage of Women in Institutions of Higher Learning and Specialized Secondary Schools 273 Components of Budgetary Expenditures on Education 274 Housing 274 Housing by Major Cities 275 Amenities in Urban Housing, 1970-83 276 Estimated Average Monthly Rents for Apartments, Including Utilities, 1983 276 Capital Investment of the Soviet Population in the Construction of Their Own Homes and Apartments 276 Summary of State Council, Central Committee, and Trade Union Resolution "On Priority Measures to Improve the Material Welfare of Badly-Off Pensioners and Families and to Step Up Care for Single Citizens" 276 Annual Growth of Per Capita Consumption, 1971-83 278 Per-Capita Consumption of Selected Foods, 1985 279 Satisfaction of Consumer Needs by Local Production in Kazakhstan, 1979 279 Security in Savings Accounts, 1940-84 279 XVI GUIDE TO OBLASTS, KRAIS, AND ASSRS IN THE RUSSIAN REPUBLIC (RSFSR) By John L. Scherer USSR Administrative Divisions (Map) 280 Guide to Oblasts in the Russian Republic (RSFSR) 282 Guide to Krais in the Russian Republic (RSFSR) 294 Guide to Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics in the Russian Republic (RSFSR) 297 XVII SPECIAL TOPICS 1985 in Review 307 Satellite Launches, 1985 321 Space Developments, 1985 323 World-Wide Record of Known Space Launch Failures 328 World-Wide Record of Payloads Successfully Launched 330 Potential Soviet-American Cooperation in Space 332 Human Rights Developments 333 Jewish Emigration from the Soviet Union by Month, 1985 334 Jewish Emigration from the Soviet Union, 1971-84 334 Soviet Emigration to the United States, 1970-83 334 Soviet Emigrants to the Federal Republic of Germany, 1968-84 335 Ethnic German Emigration from the USSR, 1971-84 335 Soviet Crackdown on Jewish Cultural Activists 336 Religious News 337 Helsinki International Meetings--Past and Projected 337 Tourism 339 Tourist Visas, 1970-83 339 Tourism, 1985 340 Soviet Espionage 340 Summary of Results of the Soviet VPK Program to Acquire Western Technology, Late 1970s and Early 1980s 346 Ranking 350 Environment and Ecology 351 Water Projects 352 Crime, 1985 354 Most Popular Sports in the USSR 354 Sports Facilities, 1983 354 Numbers of Nuclear Explosions 355 Soviet Nuclear Tests, 1985 355 Nuclear Tests, 1984 356 International Exhibitions in the USSR, 1984 356 Obituaries, 1985 357 Key Works on the Soviet Union 360   Go to Academic International Press Home Page.

Click here to send us e-mail with your comments.

© 1997 Academic International Press