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Russia & Eurasia Facts & Figures Annual (REFFA)

(Formerly USSR Facts Figures Annual (UFFA))

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UFFA Volume 11 Contents

Edited by John L. Scherer

SPECIAL ARTICLES

Guide to Oblasts of the Russian Republic (RSFSR) by John L. Scherer 303

I INTRODUCTION

II GOVERNMENT

  1. USSR Council of Ministers, Chairmen and Deputy Chairmen of the USSR Supreme Soviet, and Chairmen of Republic Councils of Ministers 13
  2. Government News, 1986 16
  3. Government Legislative Plans, 1986-90 17

III FOREIGN AFFAIRS

  1. Soviet Ambassadors 22
  2. Foreign Affairs News 25
  3. Soviet Treaties of Friendship and Cooperation 25
  4. Diplomatic Trade and Economic Relations of the USSR with Developing Countries 26

IV COMMUNIST PARTY

  1. Party News 29
  2. Party Membership 31
  3. White-Collar Party Members by Occupation 31
  4. Party Membership by Republics 31
  5. Party Membership by Nationality 31
  6. Number of Young Communist League (Komsomol) Members Admitted into the Party as Candidate Members 32
  7. Composition of the CPSU by Tenure 32
  8. Composition of Members and Candidate Members of the Party by Age 32
  9. Number of Women Admitted as Candidate Members of the Party 32
  10. Number of Women Party Members 33
  11. Party Members by Education 33
  12. Structure of Local Party Organizations 33
  13. Distribution of Party Members by Occupation 34
  14. Number of Primary Party Organizations 34
  15. Number of Communists in Primary Party Organizations 34
  16. Numbers of Nationalities and Ethnic Groups of the USSR Represented by Delegates by Recent Party
  17. Congresses 34
  18. Delegates to the 27th Party Congress 35
  19. CPSU Politburo and Secretariat Positions and Responsibilities 36
  20. Rules of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 38
  21. CPSU Central Committee Full Members Elected by the 27th Party Congress 50

V DEMOGRAPHY

  1. New Major Cities 64
  2. Vital Rates 64
  3. Distribution of Births, Deaths and Registered Divorces by Months, 1984 65
  4. Vital Rates by Cities 65
  5. Number of Registered Divorces Distributed by Length of Marriage and ages of Husband and Wife 67
  6. Number of Deaths, 1960-84 68
  7. Crude Death Rates, USSR and by Republic, 1960 to 1973 69
  8. Age-Specific Death Rates, Both Sexes, USSR: 1896-97, 1926, 1938/39 1958/59 to 1967/68 and 1968/69 to 1975/76 71

VI ARMED FORCES

  1. Leading Personnel in the USSR
  2. Ministry of Defense 72
  3. Missiles and Radars 74
  4. Comparison of the Defense Fraction of U.S. GNP with the Estimated Defense Fraction of Soviet GNP 77
  5. Ground Forces, Armor, Lasers 77
  6. Maneuvers, 1986 79
  7. Soviet Theaters of Military Operations (TVDs) and Fleets, 1986 80
  8. Naval Developments 81
  9. NATO and Warsaw Pact Maritime Forces in the North Atlantic and Seas Bordering Europe, 1985 83
  10. Soviet Warship Port Visits, 1986 83
  11. U.S. and Soviet Attack Submarine Force Modernization 84
  12. US-Soviet Military Balance, Sub-Saharan Africa, 1985 85
  13. Comparison of US and Soviet Weapon Procurement Cycles 86
  14. New and Improved US and USSR Intercontinental Attack Systems by IOC Date, 1960-1990 87
  15. U.S./USSR Strategic Offensive Modernization Programs 88
  16. U.S./USSR Non-Strategic Nuclear Modernization Programs 90
  17. U.S./USSR Ground Combat Weapons and Vehicles, Modernization Programs 91
  18. New and Modified U.S. and USSR Artillery Systems by IOC Date, 1960-1985 92
  19. U.S./USSR Naval Warfare Modernization Programs 93
  20. U.S./USSR Aircraft Modernization Programs 94
  21. U.S. Air-Launched Weapons Modernization Programs 95
  22. Air Force Developments 95
  23. USSR: Procurement of Selected Weapons Classes 97
  24. Weapons Production 1983-85 98
  25. Missile Production USSR and NATO 98
  26. Naval Ship Construction USSR and NATO 98
  27. Aircraft Production USSR and NATO 98
  28. Major Soviet Defense Industry Facilities 99
  29. New and Modified U.S. and USSR Armor Systems by IOC date, 1960*1985 100
  30. New U.S. and USSR General Purpose Submarine Classes by IOC Date, 1960-1985 101
  31. New U.S. and USSR Major Surface Combatant Classes by IOC Date, 1960-1985 102
  32. New U.S. and USSR Strategic Interceptors, Theater Bombers, Tactical Fighters and Attack Aircraft by IOC Date, 1960-1985 103
  33. New U.S. and USSR Tactical Land Based SAMS by IOC Date, 1960-1985 104
  34. Relative U.S./USSR Standing in the Twenty Most Important Basic Technology Areas 105
  35. Relative U .S./USSR Technology Level in Deployed Military Systems 106
  36. Examples of Western Technological Contributions to Soviet Military Capability 107
  37. Ruble Savings in Tenth Five Year Plan 108
  38. Technical and Time Benefits to Thousands of Soviet Military Research Projects From Western Technology 108

VII ECONOMY

  1. Economic News 109
  2. Industrial Production in Physical Terms by Quarters, 1986 113
  3. 1987 Plan in Physical Terms and Percentages 115
  4. Major Indices of Performance, 1986 117
  5. Percentage Increases of Industrial Production and Labor Productivity, 1986 117
  6. Comparison of GNP Growth at Factor Cost in 1970 and 1982 Prices 117
  7. USSR: Planned and Actual Economic Growth 118
  8. USSR: CIA and Official Soviet Measures of Economic Growth 119
  9. USSR: Percent Distribution of Gross National Product at Factor Cost, by End Use 120
  10. USSR: Share of Gross National Product by Sector of Origin 121
  11. USSR: Growth of Gross National Product, by Sector of Origin 121
  12. USSR: Gross Fixed Capital Investment, by Function and by Sector 122
  13. USSR: Stock of Fixed Capital, by Sector 123
  14. USSR: Aggregate Factor Productivity 124
  15. USSR: Industrial Production, by Branch of Industry 125
  16. Shares of GNP by Sector of Origin at Factor Cost, 1982 126
  17. Growth of Industrial Production by Branch 126
  18. Output and Percentage Changes in the Eleventh Five Year Plan 126
  19. Indices of the State Plan, 1986-90 128
  20. Indicators of the Twelfth Five Year Plan, 1986-90 128
  21. Growth Rates of Industrial Production by Republics, 1990 130
  22. Industrial and Agricultural Areas to be Emphasized During the Twelfth Five Year Plan, 1986-90 131
  23. Share of Industrial Fixed Capital Retired as a Result of Wear and Tear 131
  24. Write-offs of Obsolete Fixed Capital, 1975-84 131
  25. Indicators for the State Plan by Republics, 1986-90 132
  26. Indices of the Economic Development of the Russian Republic, 1981-85, 1986-90 132
  27. Indices for the Five Year Plan of the Ukraine, 1986-90 133
  28. USSR Daily Production, 1981, 1986 134 Expenditures on the Introduction of New Technology, 1970-84 134
  29. Average Annual Number of Women Workers and Employees by Republics 134
  30. Average Monthly Wages Paid to Workers and Employees in Industry by Branch 135
  31. Military-Civil Competition for Resources 136
  32. Hours Worked Annually per Person in Selected Branches of Soviet Industry. 1950-83 137
  33. Estimates of Work-Hour Employment in Selected Branches of Soviet Industry, 1950-83 138
  34. New Law on Individual Labor Activity 139

VIII ENERGY

  1. Primary Energy Production, Consumption, and Surpluses, 1960-85, Selected Years 145
  2. Petroleum Developments 145
  3. Classification of Oil-Extracting Regions in the USSR by Stages of Development 147
  4. USSR: Oil and Natural Gas Production/Apparent Consumption 148
  5. USSR: Imports of Oil 149
  6. USSR: Regional Production of Crude Oil 149
  7. USSR: Regional Production of Natural Gas 149
  8. USSR: Exports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products 150
  9. USSR: Natural Gas Trade 150
  10. Eastern Europe: Oil Production and Consumption 151
  11. Eastern Europe: Oil Trade 151
  12. Eastern Europe: Natural Gas Production and Consumption 152
  13. Eastern Europe: Natural Gas Trade 152
  14. Exports of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products as a Percentage of their Total Production 153
  15. Energy Exports to the West, 1970-85 153
  16. Pipeline Developments 154
  17. Oil and Oil-Products Pipelines 154
  18. Natural Gas Developments 154
  19. Exports of Natural Gas as a Percentage of the Total Production of Natural Gas, 1975-85 155
  20. Coal Developments 155
  21. Coal Production, 1975-85 157
  22. Hydroelectric and Thermal Power Developments 157
  23. Consumption of Electricity by Branches of the Economy 158
  24. Distribution of Electrical Power Production 159
  25. Soviet Exports of Electricity 159
  26. Atomic Power Developments 159
  27. Solar Power 162

IX INDUSTRIES

  1. Machine-Building Industry News 163
  2. Annual Average Rate of Growth of Production by Branches of Machine-Building 163
  3. Computer Industry News 164
  4. Iron and Steel Industry Developments 165
  5. Selected Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: the United States Versus the USSR 166
  6. Chemical Industry News 166

X AGRICULTURE

  1. Agricultural News 167
  2. Agricultural Summary, 1986 170
  3. Sown Area, 1984-85 170
  4. Area for Selected Grains by Republic, 1980, 1985 170
  5. Share of the Total Production of Plant-Growing on Irrigated and Drained Land at State and Collective Farms and Inter-Farm and Other Productive Agricultural Enterprises 171
  6. Total Soviet 1981-1985 Grain Crops and USDA Estimates 171
  7. USSR: Grain Yields, 1955-1985 172
  8. USSR: Grains Production, 1955-1985 174
  9. USSR: Grain Production 1971-1985 175
  10. USSR: Grain Area 1971-1985 178
  11. USSR: Grain Yields 1971-1985 176
  12. USSR: Grain Production 1971-1985 177
  13. USSR: Total Grain Yields, 1971-85 178
  14. USSR: Total Grain Production, 1971-85 178
  15. USSR: Bread Grain Area, 1971-85 178
  16. USSR: Bread Grain Yields, 1971-85 179
  17. USSR: Bread Grain Production, 1971-85 179
  18. USSR: Feed Grain Area, 1971-85 179
  19. USSR: Feed Grain Yields, 1971-85 180
  20. USSR: Feed Grain Production, 1971-85 180
  21. USSR: Grain Area, 1971-85 180
  22. USSR: Grain Yields, 1971-85 181
  23. USSR: Grain Production, 1971-85 181
  24. USSR: Total Grain Yields, 1971-85 181
  25. USSR: Bread Grain Yields, 1971-85 182
  26. USSR: Wheat Yields, 1971-85 182
  27. USSR: Rye Yields, 1971-85 182
  28. USSR: Feed Grain Yields, 1971-85 183
  29. USSR: Corn Yields, 1971-85 183
  30. USSR: Barley Yields, 1971-85 183
  31. USSR: Oats Yields, 1971-85 184
  32. USSR: Average Grain Production Shares 184
  33. USSR: Grain Production by Republic 185
  34. Area, Yield and Production of Grain 185
  35. Area, Yield and Production of Selected Crops 186
  36. Soviet Agricultural Imports, 1982-84 187
  37. Soviet Agricultural Exports, 1982-84 188
  38. Consumption of Electricity in Agriculture, 1975-84 189
  39. Soviet Agricultural Imports, 1970-84 190
  40. Argentinean Grain Exports to the USSR, Jul-Jun 1971-85 190
  41. Model Statute for Cooperatives for the Procurement and Processing of Secondary Raw Materials Under USSR Gosnaby Territorial Organs 190
  42. Fishing Developments 196

XI FOREIGN TRADE

  1. Trade News 198
  2. Soviet Foreign Trade by Groups of Countries, Jan-Jun 1985-86 200
  3. Soviet Foreign Trade by Groups of Countries, Jan-Dec 1984-85 203
  4. Soviet Foreign Trade 207
  5. Soviet Exports 208
  6. Soviet Imports 209
  7. Soviet Trade of Selected Industrial Consumer Goods with CMEA Countries 210
  8. East European Foreign Trade 211
  9. USSR: Hard Currency Trade, by Commodity 212
  10. USSR: Hard Currency Trade with Non-Communist Countries, 1984-85 213
  11. USSR: Hard Currency Balance of Payments 214
  12. USSR: Hard Currency Debt to the West 215
  13. Hard Currency Trade and Gross and Net Hard Currency Debt 216
  14. US Trade with the USSR and East Europe 217
  15. Measures of Relative Debt Burden for the USSR, Eastern Europe, and Selected Developing Countries 218
  16. USSR: Hard Currency Balance of Payments 219
  17. USSR: Hard Currency Trade 219
  18. US Trade with USSR 219
  19. Composition of US Trade with USSR, Full Year 1985 220
  20. Exports from the Soviet Far East as a Percentage of Total Exports 220
  21. Soviet Trade Fairs, 1986 220

XII FOREIGN AID

  1. Soviet Economic Aid Extended to Less Developed Countries, by Recipient 222
  2. Communist Economic Aid to Less Developed Countries, Extensions and Drawings 223
  3. Communist Military Aid to Less Developed Countries, Extensions and Drawings 223
  4. Soviet Economic Aid Extended to Communist Countries 224
  5. USSR Economic Assistance to Cuba 224
  6. Warsaw Pact Economic Aid to Non-Communist LDCs 225
  7. USSR: Aid Extended to Non-Communist LDCs, by Type 226
  8. Eastern Europe: Economic Aid Extended to Non-Communist LDCs 226
  9. USSR: Relief Assistance to Non-Communist LDCs 226
  10. Eastern Europe: Economic Aid Extended to Non-Communist LDCs, by Country, 1984 226
  11. USSR and Eastern Europe: Economic Technicians in Non-Communist LDCs, 1984 226
  12. USSR And Eastern Europe: Academic Students from LDCs in Training, December 1984 227
  13. South Asia: Economic Credits and Grants From Warsaw Pact Countries 227
  14. Middle East and North Africa: Economic Credits and Grants From Warsaw Pact Countries 227
  15. Central America and the Caribbean: Economic Credits and Grants from Warsaw Pact Countries 227
  16. South America: Economic Credits and Grants from Warsaw Pact Countries 228
  17. Sub-Saharan Africa: Economic Credits and Grants From Warsaw Pact Countries 228
  18. USSR: Economic Credits and Grants Extended to Non-Communist LDCs 229
  19. Communist Economic Technicians in LDCs 230
  20. Communist Economic Technicians in LDCs, 1984 231
  21. Academic Students From LDCs Being Trained in the USSR and Eastern Europe as of December 1984 231
  22. Military Personnel From the Less Developed Countries Trained in Communist Countries, 1955-85 233
  23. Military Personnel From the Less Developed Countries Trained in Communist Countries, 1985 234
  24. Academic, Technical, and Military Trainees Departing From Less Developed Countries for Training in Communist Countries, by Areas of Destination 235
  25. Communist Economic and Military Technicians in Less Developed Countries, by Country, 1985 236
  26. Communist Economic and Military Technicians in Less Developed Countries, by Country, 1984 237
  27. Soviet Military Assistance, 1986 238
  28. USSR and Eastern Europe: Military Relations with Non-Communist LDCs 240
  29. USSR and Eastern Europe: Military Technicians in LDCs, 1984 241
  30. USSR and Eastern Europe: Training of LDC Military Personnel in Communist Countries, 1955-84 242
  31. Soviet and US Arms Deliveries to Developing Countries, 1979-83 242
  32. Arms Transfer Agreements with the Third World, by Supplier 243
  33. Arms Transfer Agreements with the Third World, by Supplier, 1978-85 245
  34. Regional Arms Transfer Agreements, by Supplier, 1978-1985 246
  35. Percentage of Supplier Agreements Value by Region, 1978-1985 247
  36. Percentage of Total Agreements Value by Supplier to Regions, 1978-85 248
  37. Arms Deliveries to the Third World, by Supplier 249
  38. Arms Deliveries to the Third World, by Supplier, in Constant US Dollars 250
  39. Arms Deliveries to the Third World, by Supplier, 1978-85 251
  40. Regional Arms Delivers, by Supplier, 1978-85 252
  41. Percentage of Supplier Deliveries Value by Region, 1978*85 253
  42. Percentage of Total Deliveries Value by Supplier to Regions, 1978-85 254
  43. Numbers of Weapons Delivered by Major Suppliers to the Third World 255
  44. Numbers of Weapons Delivered by Major Suppliers to East Asia and the Pacific 256
  45. Numbers of Weapons Delivered by Major Suppliers to Near East and South Asia 257
  46. Numbers of Weapons Delivered by Major Suppliers to Latin America 258
  47. Numbers of Weapons Delivered by Major Suppliers to Africa (Sub-Saharan) 259
  48. Arms Transfer Agreements with the Third World, 1978-1985: Major Supplier Shares 260
  49. Arms Deliveries to the Third World, 1978-1985: Major Supplier Shares 261

XIII SCIENCE

  1. Scientific News 262
  2. Budgetary Allocation for Science in the State Budget and its Share of Total Science Expenditures, 1950-84 263
  3. Official Expenditures on Science, 1950-84 264

XIV TRANSPORTATION

  1. Transportation Summary, 1986 266
  2. Percentage of Total Freight Turnover by Types of Transportation 266
  3. Indices of Freight Turnover by Types of Transportation, 1981-85 266
  4. Railway News 266
  5. Roads and Bridges 267
  6. Traffic Accidents in Leningrad City and Oblast, 1985 269
  7. Alcohol-Related Traffic Accidents, 1985 269
  8. Moscow-New York Flight Schedules 269
  9. Airline News 269
  10. Soviet Airline Accidents, 1986 270
  11. An-74 Arctic Aircraft 271
  12. KA-126 Helicopter 271
  13. Shipping News 271
  14. Metro News 272
  15. Transportation Notes 273

XV CULTURE AND COMMUNICATIONS

  1. Publication and Writing 274
  2. Chief Editors of Selected Soviet Publications 277
  3. Film News 278
  4. Soviet Prize-Winners at 1985 International Festivals 279
  5. Television 280
  6. Music, Dance, and Theater 281
  7. Art News 282
  8. Publication of Books and Brochures by Republics 285
  9. Publication of Periodicals by Republic 286
  10. Publication of Newspapers by Republic 287
  11. Museums, Theaters and Philharmonia, 1984 Yearend 287

XVI HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE

  1. Health News 289
  2. HEW Summary, 1986 291
  3. Number of Doctors and Middle-Level Medical Personnel, 1984 Yearend 292
  4. Morbidity: Number of New Cases, by Cause, USSR 1960 to 1982 293
  5. Educational Developments 295
  6. General Full-Time Day Schools 297
  7. Graduates From Secondary Schools and Students Accepted at Higher Educational Institutions 297
  8. Higher and Secondary Specialized Education Institutions 298
  9. Capital Investments in Education, Public Health, and Culture, 1986-90 298
  10. Housing 299
  11. Urban Housing Stock, 1984 Yearend 299
  12. Per-Capita Consumption of Basic Staple Foodstuffs 300

XVII INSTITUTIONS

  1. Religious News 301
  2. Jews by Profession 301
  3. Museum and Library Developments 302

XVIII GUIDE TO OBLASTS OF THE RUSSIAN REPUBLIC (RSFSR) By John L Scherer

  1. Magadan Oblast 303
  2. Moscow Oblast 303
  3. Murmansk Oblast 306
  4. Novgorod Oblast 306
  5. Novosibirsk Oblast 307
  6. Omsk Oblast 308
  7. Orel Oblast 308
  8. Orenburg Oblast 309
  9. Penza Oblast 309
  10. Perm Oblast 310
  11. Pskov Oblast 310
  12. Riazan Oblast 311
  13. Rostov Oblast 311
  14. Sakhalin Oblast 312
  15. Saratov Oblast 312
  16. Smolensk Oblast 313
  17. Sverdlovsk Oblast 314
  18. Tambov Oblast 314
  19. Tiumen Oblast 315
  20. Tomsk Oblast 316
  21. Tula Oblast 316
  22. Ulianovsk Oblast 317
  23. Vladimir Oblast 317
  24. Volgograd Oblast 318
  25. Vologgda Oblast 319
  26. Voronezh Oblast 319
  27. Yaroslavl Oblast 320

XIX SPECIAL TOPICS

  1. 1986 Year in Review 321
  2. Satellite Launches, 1986 335
  3. Space Developments, 1986 337
  4. Time During Which Soviet Space Stations Were Occupied 340
  5. Summary of Planetary Distance Flight Attempts 340
  6. The Mir Orbital Research Station Base Unit 345
  7. Orbital Space Complex: Cosmos Sputnik-Ship--Salyut 7 Station Soyuz Transport Ship 345
  8. Soviet Space Launch Vehicles 346
  9. Human Rights, 1986 347
  10. Human Rights in the Soviet Union, 1 Oct 1985-1 Apr 1986 348
  11. Jewish Emigration From the USSR 353
  12. Addenda to the Regulations on Entering and Leaving the USSR, Aug 1986 353
  13. Espionage, 1986 356
  14. Nuclear Tests, 1945-85 360
  15. Soviet and US Nuclear Tests, 1981-85 360
  16. Crime 360
  17. Percentages of Women in Various Capacities in the USSR, 1984-85 361
  18. 1986 Lenin Prizes in Literature, the Arts and Architecture 361
  19. Downtown Leningrad (Map) 362
  20. Leningrad Area (Map) 363
  21. Leningrad and Vicinity (Map) 364
  22. Final Medal Standings at the Goodwill Games, 4-20 Jul 1986 365
  23. Results of the Goodwill Games in Moscow 365
  24. 1986 Sports Calendar 371
  25. Exchange of Sports Delegations Between the US and USSR, 1985-88 373
  26. International Exhibitions in the USSR, 1987 374
  27. Ecology 375
  28. Tourist Information 375
  29. Soviet and American Sister Cities 376
  30. Obituaries, 1986 376
  31. Key Works on the Soviet Union 379

 

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